---
title: carp — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «carp» in the school dictionary: A carp is a large freshwater fish that lives in lakes, ponds and slow rivers; goldfish and koi are kinds of carp. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# carp

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** carp, large freshwater fish, goldfish, He, We, Grandad · **What happens:** be, live, complain, disapprove, carp, see · **To what, where:** large freshwater fish, lakes, kinds, big orange carp, pond, carp · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«carp» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [carp in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/carp.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A carp is a large freshwater fish that lives in lakes, ponds and slow rivers; goldfish and koi are kinds of carp.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carp:m1:1
# text = A carp is a large freshwater fish that lives in lakes, ponds and slow rivers; goldfish and koi are kinds of carp.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carp	carp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	goldfish	goldfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	koi	koi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	carp	carp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a carp | a large freshwater fish and kinds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | a large freshwater fish and kinds |  |  | lakes and ponds and slow rivers |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Location |
| 3 | **is a** | present | goldfish and koi | kinds |  |  |  | of carp | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To carp is to keep complaining about small, unimportant things (informal, disapproving): «He's always carping about the food».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carp:m2:1
# text = To carp is to keep complaining about small, unimportant things (informal, disapproving): «He's always carping about the food».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	carp	carp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	complaining	complain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	unimportant	unimportant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	disapproving	disapprove	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	22	advmod	_	_
22	carping	carp	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
23	about	about	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | keep *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **complain** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about small unimportant things | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about thing=Topic |
| 3 | **disapprove** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **carp** *in a quote* | present · progressive | He |  |  |  |  | about the food; always *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw big orange carp in the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carp:x1:1
# text = We saw big orange carp in the pond.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	carp	carp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | big orange carp |  | the pond |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer carp=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad caught a carp in the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carp:x2:1
# text = Grandad caught a carp in the lake.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	carp	carp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past | Grandad | a carp |  | the lake |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carp=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Koi are a kind of carp.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carp:x3:1
# text = Koi are a kind of carp.
1	Koi	koi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	carp	carp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Koi | a kind |  |  |  | of carp | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Australia, carp are a pest in the rivers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carp:x4:1
# text = In Australia, carp are a pest in the rivers.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	carp	carp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pest	pest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | carp | a pest |  | the rivers |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop carping about the weather!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carp:x5:1
# text = Stop carping about the weather!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	carping	carp	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **carp** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about the weather | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He carped on about the noise all day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carp:x6:1
# text = He carped on about the noise all day.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carped	carp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carp on** | past | He |  |  |  | day | about the noise | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fat carps stared at the glass wall with stupid eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carp:x7:1
# text = Fat carps stared at the glass wall with stupid eyes.
1	Fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carps	carp	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	stared	stare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	stupid	stupid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carp** | present | Fat |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stare** | participle | Fat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the glass wall with stupid eyes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at wall=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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