---
title: carriage — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «carriage» in the school dictionary: A carriage is one car of a train (UK); in the USA it is usually called a car. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# carriage

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** carriage, one car, baby carriage, cost, train, 2 carriages · **What happens:** be, call, pull, carry, have, hold · **To what, where:** one car, carriage, USA, vehicle, wheels, pram · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«carriage» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [carriage in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/carriage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A carriage is one car of a train (UK); in the USA it is usually called a car.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:m1:1
# text = A carriage is one car of a train (UK); in the USA it is usually called a car.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
18	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a carriage | one car |  |  |  | of a train | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive | one car *not said here* | carriage |  | the USA |  | usually *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A carriage is a vehicle with wheels pulled by horses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:m2:1
# text = A carriage is a vehicle with wheels pulled by horses.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a carriage | a vehicle |  |  |  | with wheels | tree rules |
| 2 | **pull** | participle |  | wheels *not said here* |  |  |  | by horses | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby carriage is a pram or buggy for a baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:m3:1
# text = A baby carriage is a pram or buggy for a baby.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pram	pram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	buggy	buggy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a baby carriage | a pram or buggy |  |  |  | for a baby | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carriage is also the cost of carrying goods.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:m4:1
# text = Carriage is also the cost of carrying goods.
1	Carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Carriage | the cost |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | gerund | the cost *not said here* | goods |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goods=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The train has 8 carriages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:x1:1
# text = The train has 8 carriages.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	carriages	carriage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the train | 8 carriages |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carriage=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each carriage holds 60 people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:x2:1
# text = Each carriage holds 60 people.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | each carriage | 60 people |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
2 carriages are empty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:x3:1
# text = 2 carriages are empty.
1	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	carriages	carriage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | 2 carriages |  |  |  |  | empty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many seats in all the carriages?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:x4:1
# text = How many seats in all the carriages?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	seats	seat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carriages	carriage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat in the first carriage of the train.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:x5:1
# text = We sat in the first carriage of the train.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | the first carriage of the train |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in carriage=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The queen rode in a golden carriage pulled by four horses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:x6:1
# text = The queen rode in a golden carriage pulled by four horses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the queen |  |  | a golden carriage |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pull** | participle |  | a golden carriage *not said here* |  |  |  | by four horses | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pumpkin turned into a carriage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:x7:1
# text = The pumpkin turned into a carriage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the pumpkin |  |  | a carriage |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into carriage=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please be quiet in the quiet carriage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:x8:1
# text = Please be quiet in the quiet carriage.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	cop	_	_
3	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the quiet carriage |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Fairy stopped her carriage and addressed them:

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriage:x9:1
# text = The Fairy stopped her carriage and addressed them:
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Fairy	Fairy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	addressed	address	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the Fairy | Fairy's carriage |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector carriage=Eventuality |
| 2 | **address** | past | the Fairy *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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