---
title: carriageway — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «carriageway» in the school dictionary: The part of a road that vehicles drive on. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# carriageway

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vehicles, One side, you, We, lorry, Cyclists · **What happens:** drive, have, not walk, stay, break down, keep · **To what, where:** road, two lanes, carriageway, pavement, dual carriageway, southbound carriageway

<!-- .vabout -->
«carriageway» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [carriageway in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/carriageway.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The part of a road that vehicles drive on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriageway:m1:1
# text = The part of a road that vehicles drive on.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
7	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	drive	drive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	on	on	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | present | vehicles | a road |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme that=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One side of a big road; a dual carriageway has two lanes each way with a strip in the middle.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriageway:m2:1
# text = One side of a big road; a dual carriageway has two lanes each way with a strip in the middle.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	carriageway	carriageway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	lanes	lane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	strip	strip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | One side of a big road | two lanes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never walk on the carriageway; stay on the pavement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriageway:x1:1
# text = Never walk on the carriageway; stay on the pavement.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	carriageway	carriageway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pavement	pavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the carriageway |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on carriageway=Trajectory |
| 2 | **stay** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  | the pavement |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on pavement=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drove along a dual carriageway to the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriageway:x2:1
# text = We drove along a dual carriageway to the beach.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	carriageway	carriageway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | We |  |  | a dual carriageway to the beach |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along carriageway=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lorry broke down on the southbound carriageway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriageway:x3:1
# text = A lorry broke down on the southbound carriageway.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	southbound	southbound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	carriageway	carriageway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | past | a lorry |  |  | the southbound carriageway |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cyclists should keep to the edge of the carriageway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriageway:x4:1
# text = Cyclists should keep to the edge of the carriageway.
1	Cyclists	cyclist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	carriageway	carriageway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | should | Cyclists |  |  |  |  | to the edge of the carriageway | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both carriageways were closed after the crash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriageway:x5:1
# text = Both carriageways were closed after the crash.
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	carriageways	carriageway	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | past · passive |  | both carriageways |  |  | after the crash |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox ran across the carriageway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriageway:x6:1
# text = The fox ran across the carriageway.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	carriageway	carriageway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the fox |  |  | the carriageway |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across carriageway=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dual carriageway has a barrier down the middle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carriageway:x7:1
# text = A dual carriageway has a barrier down the middle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	carriageway	carriageway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	barrier	barrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a dual carriageway | a barrier |  |  |  | down the middle | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barrier=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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