---
title: carving — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «carving» in the school dictionary: A carving is an object or pattern made by cutting wood, stone or another material. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# carving

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** carving, museum, We, pumpkin, totem pole, Maori wood carvings · **What happens:** be, make, cut, carve, mean, cook · **To what, where:** object, pattern, wood, art, cooked meat, slices · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«carving» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [carving in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/carving.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A carving is an object or pattern made by cutting wood, stone or another material.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:m1:1
# text = A carving is an object or pattern made by cutting wood, stone or another material.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carving	carving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a carving | a object or pattern |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | pattern *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **cut** | gerund |  | wood and stone or another material |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wood=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carving is the art or activity of cutting shapes into a material.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:m2:1
# text = Carving is the art or activity of cutting shapes into a material.
1	Carving	carve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	cutting	cutting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the art or activity of cutting shapes into a material |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carving means cutting cooked meat into slices.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:m3:1
# text = Carving means cutting cooked meat into slices.
1	Carving	carving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
4	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	slices	slice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Carving |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cut** | gerund |  | cooked meat |  | slices |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent meat=Material into slice=Product |
| 3 | **cook** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has old stone carvings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:x1:1
# text = The museum has old stone carvings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	carvings	carving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | old stone carvings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carving=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went pumpkin carving at Halloween.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:x2:1
# text = We went pumpkin carving at Halloween.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	carving	carve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Halloween	Halloween	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We | pumpkin |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pumpkin=Theme |
| 2 | **carve** | gerund | pumpkin *not said here* |  |  | Halloween |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The totem pole has carvings of animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:x3:1
# text = The totem pole has carvings of animals.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	totem	totem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pole	pole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	carvings	carving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the totem pole | carvings of animals |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carving=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Maori wood carvings tell stories of ancestors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:x4:1
# text = Maori wood carvings tell stories of ancestors.
1	Maori	Maori	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	carvings	carving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | Maori wood carvings | stories of ancestors |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad was carving the turkey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:x5:1
# text = Dad was carving the turkey.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	carving	carve	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | past · progressive | Dad | the turkey |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turkey=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carving takes patience and a sharp tool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:x6:1
# text = Carving takes patience and a sharp tool.
1	Carving	carve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	patience	patience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | present |  | patience and a sharp tool |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patience=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only a grown-up should use a carving knife.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:x7:1
# text = Only a grown-up should use a carving knife.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	carving	carving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | should | a grown up | a carving knife |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Just let me finish carving this cross.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carving:x8:1
# text = Just let me finish carving this cross.
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	finish	finish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	carving	carve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **finish** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **carve** | gerund | me *not said here* | this cross |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cross=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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