---
title: cask — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cask» in the school dictionary: A large wooden barrel, made of strips of wood held by metal hoops, used for holding wine, beer, water or other liquids. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cask

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** amount, sailors, cooper, cellar, cask, pirate · **What happens:** make, hold, use, roll, keep, hammer · **To what, where:** large wooden barrel, wood, metal hoops, wine, casks, ship

<!-- .vabout -->
«cask» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cask in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cask.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large wooden barrel, made of strips of wood held by metal hoops, used for holding wine, beer, water or other liquids.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cask:m1:1
# text = A large wooden barrel, made of strips of wood held by metal hoops, used for holding wine, beer, water or other liquids.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	barrel	barrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	strips	strip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	hoops	hoop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
19	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	beer	beer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	liquids	liquid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a large wooden barrel *not said here* |  |  |  | of strips of wood | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **hold** | participle |  | wood *not said here* |  |  |  | by metal hoops | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by hoop=Location |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | metal hoops *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **hold** | gerund |  | wine and beer and water or other liquids |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wine=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The amount a cask holds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cask:m2:1
# text = The amount a cask holds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cask	cask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the amount |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sailors rolled the casks onto the ship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cask:x1:1
# text = The sailors rolled the casks onto the ship.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	casks	cask	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | past | the sailors | the casks |  | the ship |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent cask=Theme onto ship=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cask of fresh water was kept on deck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cask:x2:1
# text = A cask of fresh water was kept on deck.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cask	cask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	deck	deck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past · passive |  | a cask of fresh water |  | deck |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme on deck=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cooper hammered the hoops round the cask.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cask:x3:1
# text = The cooper hammered the hoops round the cask.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cooper	cooper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hammered	hammer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hoops	hoop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	round	round	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cask	cask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hammer** | past | the cooper | the hoops |  | the cask |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent hoop=Theme round cask=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cellar was full of old wine casks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cask:x4:1
# text = The cellar was full of old wine casks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cellar	cellar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	casks	cask	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the cellar |  |  |  |  | of old wine casks; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each cask holds 50 litres; how much do 4 casks hold?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cask:x5:1
# text = Each cask holds 50 litres; how much do 4 casks hold?
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	cask	cask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	litres	litre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
8	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obj	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	casks	cask	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | each cask | 50 litres |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | present | each cask *not said here* | much |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hold** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirate sat on a cask of rum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cask:x6:1
# text = The pirate sat on a cask of rum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cask	cask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rum	rum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the pirate |  |  | a cask of rum |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on cask=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His luggage consisted of a great cask.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cask:x7:1
# text = His luggage consisted of a great cask.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	luggage	luggage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	consisted	consist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cask	cask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | past | His luggage |  |  |  |  | of a great cask | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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