---
title: casque — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «casque» in the school dictionary: An old word for a helmet, especially a knight's or soldier's metal helmet. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# casque

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** knight, cassowary, Hornbills, we, Scientists, casque · **What happens:** lower, shine, have, see, dent, think · **To what, where:** shining casque, joust, tall casque, top, big casque, beaks · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«casque» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [casque in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/casque.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old word for a helmet, especially a knight's or soldier's metal helmet.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:casque:m1:1
# text = An old word for a helmet, especially a knight's or soldier's metal helmet.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: animals — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hard bony or horny lump on the head or beak of some birds, such as the cassowary and the hornbill.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:casque:m2:1
# text = A hard bony or horny lump on the head or beak of some birds, such as the cassowary and the hornbill.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	horny	horny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	cassowary	cassowary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	hornbill	hornbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight lowered his shining casque before the joust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:casque:x1:1
# text = The knight lowered his shining casque before the joust.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lowered	lower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	joust	joust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lower** | past | the knight | knight's shining casque |  | the joust |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent casque=Theme before joust=Destination |
| 2 | **shine** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cassowary has a tall casque on top of its head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:casque:x2:1
# text = The cassowary has a tall casque on top of its head.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cassowary	cassowary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the cassowary | a tall casque |  | top of cassowary's head |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent casque=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hornbills have a big casque on their beaks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:casque:x3:1
# text = Hornbills have a big casque on their beaks.
1	Hornbills	hornbill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	beaks	beak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Hornbills | a big casque |  | Hornbills's beaks |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent casque=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the museum we saw a dented casque from a medieval battle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:casque:x4:1
# text = In the museum we saw a dented casque from a medieval battle.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dented	dent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	medieval	medieval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | we | a dented casque |  | the museum |  | from a medieval battle | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer casque=Stimulus |
| 2 | **dent** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists think the cassowary's casque may help it with heat and sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:casque:x5:1
# text = Scientists think the cassowary's casque may help it with heat and sound.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cassowary	cassowary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | Scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | may | the cassowary's casque | cassowary |  |  |  | with heat and sound | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary with heat=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldier's casque glinted in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:casque:x6:1
# text = The soldier's casque glinted in the sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	glinted	glint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glint** | participle |  | the soldier's casque *not said here* |  | the sun. |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sun.=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poem described a hero with a plumed casque.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:casque:x7:1
# text = The poem described a hero with a plumed casque.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	described	describe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	plumed	plume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | past | the poem | a hero |  |  |  | with a plumed casque | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent hero=Theme |
| 2 | **plume** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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