---
title: cassia — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cassia» in the school dictionary: A spice made from the bark of a tree; it tastes and smells like cinnamon and is often sold as cinnamon. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cassia

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** spice, Much, Cassia bark, Bright yellow cassia trees, Bible, Cassia · **What happens:** make, taste, smell, sell, grow, mention · **To what, where:** spice, bark, tree, gardens, smelling spice, Bible

<!-- .vabout -->
«cassia» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cassia in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cassia.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spice made from the bark of a tree; it tastes and smells like cinnamon and is often sold as cinnamon.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassia:m1:1
# text = A spice made from the bark of a tree; it tastes and smells like cinnamon and is often sold as cinnamon.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spice	spice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	tastes	taste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	smells	smell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
19	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a spice *not said here* |  | the bark of a tree |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from bark=Material |
| 2 | **taste** | present | a spice |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **smell** | present | a spice *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like cinnamon | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **sell** | present · passive | a spice *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as cinnamon; often *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tree or bush with yellow flowers in warm countries; some kinds are grown in gardens and parks.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassia:m2:1
# text = A tree or bush with yellow flowers in warm countries; some kinds are grown in gardens and parks.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	parks	park	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · passive |  | a tree with yellow flowers in warm countries or bush |  | gardens and parks |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sweet-smelling spice mentioned in the Bible, used in holy oil and perfumes.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassia:m3:1
# text = A sweet-smelling spice mentioned in the Bible, used in holy oil and perfumes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	amod	_	_
5	spice	spice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	mentioned	mention	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	perfumes	perfume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mention** *speech: other* | participle |  | a smelling spice *not said here* |  | the Bible |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a smelling spice *not said here* |  | holy oil and perfumes |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Much of the cinnamon sold in supermarkets is actually cassia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassia:x1:1
# text = Much of the cinnamon sold in supermarkets is actually cassia.
1	Much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	supermarkets	supermarket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	actually	actually	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	cassia	cassia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | participle |  | the cinnamon *not said here* |  | supermarkets |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Much of the cinnamon | cassia |  |  |  | actually *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cassia bark is thicker and rougher than true cinnamon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassia:x2:1
# text = Cassia bark is thicker and rougher than true cinnamon.
1	Cassia	cassia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	thicker	thick	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	rougher	rough	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Cassia bark |  |  |  |  | thick *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Cassia bark *not said here* |  |  |  |  | than true cinnamon | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma's apple cake smelled of cassia and cloves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassia:x3:1
# text = Grandma's apple cake smelled of cassia and cloves.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	smelled	smell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cassia	cassia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cloves	clove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | participle |  | Grandma's apple cake *not said here* |  |  |  | of cassia and cloves | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location of cassia=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bright yellow cassia trees lined the street in the summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassia:x4:1
# text = Bright yellow cassia trees lined the street in the summer.
1	Bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	cassia	cassia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lined	line	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **line** | past | Bright yellow cassia trees | the street |  |  | summer |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme street=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Bible lists cassia among the spices for the holy oil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassia:x5:1
# text = The Bible lists cassia among the spices for the holy oil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lists	list	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cassia	cassia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **list** | present | the Bible | cassia |  |  |  | among the spices for the holy oil | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cassia comes from the bark of a tree that grows in southern China.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassia:x6:1
# text = Cassia comes from the bark of a tree that grows in southern China.
1	Cassia	cassia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Cassia |  |  | the bark of a tree |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from bark=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **grow** | present | a tree |  |  | southern China |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in china=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We crushed a stick of cassia in the science lesson to smell it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassia:x7:1
# text = We crushed a stick of cassia in the science lesson to smell it.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crushed	crush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cassia	cassia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	smell	smell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crush** | past | We | a stick of cassia |  | the science lesson |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stick=Patient |
| 2 | **smell** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | stick |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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