---
title: cassowary — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cassowary» in the school dictionary: A cassowary is a very large flightless bird from the rainforests of north-eastern Australia and New Guinea, with black feathers, a bright blue neck, red wattles and a tall hard crest called a casque on its head. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree
---

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# cassowary

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cassowary, tall hard crest, you, blue neck, Cassowaries, father cassowary · **What happens:** be, call, live, not fly, run, jump · **To what, where:** large flightless bird, rainforests, casque, head, cassowary, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cassowary» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cassowary in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cassowary.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cassowary is a very large flightless bird from the rainforests of north-eastern Australia and New Guinea, with black feathers, a bright blue neck, red wattles and a tall hard crest called a casque on its head.

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassowary:m1:1
# text = A cassowary is a very large flightless bird from the rainforests of north-eastern Australia and New Guinea, with black feathers, a bright blue neck, red wattles and a tall hard crest called a casque on its head.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cassowary	cassowary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	flightless	flightless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rainforests	rainforest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
27	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	wattles	wattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
34	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
35	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
37	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	acl	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
40	on	on	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cassowary | a large flightless bird |  | the rainforests of eastern Australia and New Guinea and black feathers and a bright blue neck and red wattles and a tall hard crest |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a tall hard crest *not said here* | a casque |  | cassowary's head |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent casque=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cassowary lives in the rainforests of Queensland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassowary:x1:1
# text = The cassowary lives in the rainforests of Queensland.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cassowary	cassowary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rainforests	rainforest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Queensland	Queensland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the cassowary |  |  | the rainforests of Queensland |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rainforest=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cassowary cannot fly, but it can run fast and jump.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassowary:x2:1
# text = A cassowary cannot fly, but it can run fast and jump.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cassowary	cassowary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
11	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **fly** | can | a cassowary |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **run** | can | cassowary |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **jump** | infinitive | cassowary *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never feed a cassowary; it can kick and hurt you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassowary:x3:1
# text = Never feed a cassowary; it can kick and hurt you.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	feed	feed	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cassowary	cassowary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	kick	kick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **feed** | imperative | you *not said here* | a cassowary |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cassowary=Recipient |
| 2 | **kick** | can | cassowary |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **hurt** | infinitive | cassowary *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cassowary's blue neck and red wattles are very bright.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassowary:x4:1
# text = The cassowary's blue neck and red wattles are very bright.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cassowary	cassowary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wattles	wattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the cassowary's blue neck and red wattles |  |  |  |  | bright *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cassowaries help the forest by spreading seeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassowary:x5:1
# text = Cassowaries help the forest by spreading seeds.
1	Cassowaries	cassowary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Cassowaries | the forest |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **spread** | gerund | Cassowaries *not said here* | seeds |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location seed=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The father cassowary looks after the stripy chicks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassowary:x6:1
# text = The father cassowary looks after the stripy chicks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cassowary	cassowary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	stripy	stripy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	chicks	chick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | the father cassowary |  |  |  | after the stripy chicks |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A road sign warned drivers to watch for cassowaries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassowary:x7:1
# text = A road sign warned drivers to watch for cassowaries.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	warned	warn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	cassowaries	cassowary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past | a road sign |  | drivers |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent driver=Recipient |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive | a road sign *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for cassowaries | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for cassowary=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cassowary has a bony helmet called a casque.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cassowary:x8:1
# text = The cassowary has a bony helmet called a casque.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cassowary	cassowary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the cassowary | a bony helmet |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helmet=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a bony helmet *not said here* | a casque |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent casque=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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