---
title: castle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «castle» in the school dictionary: A large, strong building with thick walls and towers, built long ago to protect a king, queen or lord from enemies. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# castle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** piece, castle, Knights, We, Many old castles, princess · **What happens:** build, protect, call, have, guard, be · **To what, where:** king, rook, four towers, castle gate, sandcastle, beach · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«castle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [castle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/castle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large, strong building with thick walls and towers, built long ago to protect a king, queen or lord from enemies.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:m1:1
# text = A large, strong building with thick walls and towers, built long ago to protect a king, queen or lord from enemies.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	towers	tower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
13	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
14	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive |  |  | a king and queen or lord |  |  | from enemies | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent king=Beneficiary from enemy=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A piece in chess, also called a rook.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:m2:1
# text = A piece in chess, also called a rook.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rook	rook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | a piece in chess *not said here* | a rook |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A special chess move with the king and a rook.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:m3:1
# text = A special chess move with the king and a rook.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	move	move	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rook	rook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle has four towers and a moat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:x1:1
# text = The castle has four towers and a moat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	towers	tower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	moat	moat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the castle | four towers and a moat |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tower=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Knights guarded the castle gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:x2:1
# text = Knights guarded the castle gate.
1	Knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	guarded	guard	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guard** | past | Knights | the castle gate |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gate=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We built a sandcastle at the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:x3:1
# text = We built a sandcastle at the beach.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sandcastle	sandcastle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | We | a sandcastle |  | the beach |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sandcastle=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many old castles are in ruins now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:x4:1
# text = Many old castles are in ruins now.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Many old castles |  |  | ruins | now |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The princess lived in a castle on a hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:x5:1
# text = The princess lived in a castle on a hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the princess |  |  | a castle |  | on a hill | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in castle=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In chess, the castle can move in straight lines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:x6:1
# text = In chess, the castle can move in straight lines.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | can | the castle |  |  | chess |  | in straight lines | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme in chess=Source in line=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle walls were three metres thick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:x7:1
# text = The castle walls were three metres thick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the castle walls |  |  |  |  | three metres *obl:unmarked*; thick *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship glided past the castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:castle:x8:1
# text = The ship glided past the castle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	glided	glide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	past	past	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glide** | past | the ship |  |  | the castle |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme past castle=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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