---
title: catalytic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «catalytic» in the school dictionary: Speeding up a chemical reaction without being used up; working as a catalyst. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/catalytic/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / catalytic

# catalytic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Speeding, catalytic converter, Enzymes, Thieves, teacher, catalytic reaction · **What happens:** speed up, use up, work, cause, happen, clean · **To what, where:** chemical reaction, important changes, exhaust gases, digestion, catalytic converters, cars · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«catalytic» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [catalytic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/catalytic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Speeding up a chemical reaction without being used up; working as a catalyst.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:catalytic:m1:1
# text = Speeding up a chemical reaction without being used up; working as a catalyst.
1	Speeding	speed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	catalyst	catalyst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speed up** | gerund |  | a chemical reaction |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reaction=Agent |
| 2 | **use up** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **work** | gerund | Speeding |  |  |  |  | as a catalyst | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.attribute PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent as catalyst=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Causing important changes to happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:catalytic:m2:1
# text = Causing important changes to happen.
1	Causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | gerund |  | important changes |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition change=Patient |
| 2 | **happen** | to-infinitive |  | important changes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A catalytic converter cleans a car's exhaust gases.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:catalytic:x1:1
# text = A catalytic converter cleans a car's exhaust gases.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	catalytic	catalytic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	converter	converter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cleans	clean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | present | a catalytic converter | a car's exhaust gases |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gas=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Enzymes are catalytic and speed up digestion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:catalytic:x2:1
# text = Enzymes are catalytic and speed up digestion.
1	Enzymes	enzyme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	catalytic	catalytic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	speed	speed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	digestion	digestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Enzymes |  |  |  |  | catalytic *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **speed up** | present | Enzymes *not said here* | digestion |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent digestion=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thieves sometimes steal catalytic converters from cars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:catalytic:x3:1
# text = Thieves sometimes steal catalytic converters from cars.
1	Thieves	thief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
3	steal	steal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	catalytic	catalytic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	converters	converter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steal** | present | Thieves | catalytic converters |  | cars |  | sometimes *property* | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent converter=Theme from car=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher showed a catalytic reaction that made foam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:catalytic:x4:1
# text = The teacher showed a catalytic reaction that made foam.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	catalytic	catalytic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the teacher | a catalytic reaction |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent reaction=Recipient |
| 2 | **make** | past | a catalytic reaction | foam |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset foam=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her speech played a catalytic role in changing the rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:catalytic:x5:1
# text = Her speech played a catalytic role in changing the rules.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	catalytic	catalytic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	role	role	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	changing	change	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | Her speech | a catalytic role |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent role=Theme |
| 2 | **change** | gerund | Her speech *not said here* | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |
| 3 | **speak** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [catalyst](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/catalyst/)
- next →: [catapult](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/catapult/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)