---
title: cathedral — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cathedral» in the school dictionary: A cathedral is a very large and important Christian church, the main church of an area led by a bishop. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cathedral

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cathedral, We, our, Light, bishop, It · **What happens:** be, lead, visit, trip, have, come · **To what, where:** large Christian church, area, cathedral, school trip, tall stone spire, stained glass windows

<!-- .vabout -->
«cathedral» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cathedral in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cathedral.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cathedral is a very large and important Christian church, the main church of an area led by a bishop.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cathedral:m1:1
# text = A cathedral is a very large and important Christian church, the main church of an area led by a bishop.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	bishop	bishop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cathedral | a large Christian church |  |  |  | the main church of a area *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lead** | participle |  | a area *not said here* |  |  |  | by a bishop | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by bishop=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visited the cathedral on our school trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cathedral:x1:1
# text = We visited the cathedral on our school trip.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | We | the cathedral |  | our school trip |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cathedral=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **trip** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cathedral has a tall stone spire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cathedral:x2:1
# text = The cathedral has a tall stone spire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	spire	spire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the cathedral | a tall stone spire |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spire=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light came through the cathedral's stained-glass windows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cathedral:x3:1
# text = Light came through the cathedral's stained-glass windows.
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	stained	stain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Light |  |  | the cathedral's stained glass windows |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through window=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **stain** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bishop led a service in the cathedral.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cathedral:x4:1
# text = The bishop led a service in the cathedral.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bishop	bishop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | the bishop | a service |  | the cathedral |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent service=Theme in cathedral=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It took workers many years to build the cathedral.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cathedral:x5:1
# text = It took workers many years to build the cathedral.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | It | workers |  |  | year |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent worker=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | to-infinitive |  | the cathedral |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cathedral=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cathedral bells rang across the city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cathedral:x6:1
# text = The cathedral bells rang across the city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bells	bell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | past | the cathedral bells |  |  | the city |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He passed by the cathedral tower, where the white marble angels were sculptured.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cathedral:x7:1
# text = He passed by the cathedral tower, where the white marble angels were sculptured.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	marble	marble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	angels	angel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	sculptured	sculpture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | He |  |  |  |  | by the cathedral tower | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by tower=Location |
| 2 | **sculpture** | past · passive |  | the white marble angels |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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