---
title: cattle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cattle» in the school dictionary: Cattle are large farm animals such as cows, bulls and steers, kept for milk, meat or leather. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cattle/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / cattle

# cattle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cattle, word, herd, farmer, Dairy cattle, ranch · **What happens:** be, keep, mean, use, herd together, graze · **To what, where:** large farm animals, whole group, Cattle, other animals, field, road · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cattle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cattle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cattle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cattle are large farm animals such as cows, bulls and steers, kept for milk, meat or leather.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:m1:1
# text = Cattle are large farm animals such as cows, bulls and steers, kept for milk, meat or leather.
1	Cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	bulls	bull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	steers	steer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cattle | large farm animals |  |  |  | such cows and bulls and steers | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | participle | Cattle *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for milk and meat or leather | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word means the whole group of these animals on a farm or ranch.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:m2:1
# text = The word means the whole group of these animals on a farm or ranch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	ranch	ranch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the word | the whole group of this animals on a farm or ranch |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cattle can also be used playfully for other animals kept or herded together, such as sea creatures.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:m3:1
# text = Cattle can also be used playfully for other animals kept or herded together, such as sea creatures.
1	Cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	playfully	playfully	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	herded	herd	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
13	together	together	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | can · passive |  | Cattle |  |  |  | for other animals and sea creatures; playfully *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for animal=Eventuality |
| 2 | **keep** | participle |  | other animals and sea creatures *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **herd together** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cattle were grazing in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:x1:1
# text = The cattle were grazing in the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	grazing	graze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | past · progressive | the cattle |  |  | the field |  |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A herd of cattle crossed the road slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:x2:1
# text = A herd of cattle crossed the road slowly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | a herd of cattle | the road |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer has three hundred cattle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:x3:1
# text = The farmer has three hundred cattle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
5	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the farmer | hundred cattle |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dairy cattle give us milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:x4:1
# text = Dairy cattle give us milk.
1	Dairy	dairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Dairy cattle | milk | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient milk=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cattle chew the cud for hours each day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:x5:1
# text = Cattle chew the cud for hours each day.
1	Cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chew	chew	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cud	cud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chew** | present | Cattle | the cud |  |  | day; hour |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cud=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ranch sends its cattle to market in the autumn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:x6:1
# text = The ranch sends its cattle to market in the autumn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ranch	ranch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | present | the ranch | ranch's cattle |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drive slowly over the cattle grid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:x7:1
# text = Drive slowly over the cattle grid.
1	Drive	drive	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	compound	_	_
6	grid	grid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the cattle grid |  | slowly *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over grid=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog helped round up the cattle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:x8:1
# text = The dog helped round up the cattle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	round	round	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  | up the cattle; round *property* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"These beasts are sea-cattle," replied Little Claus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cattle:x9:1
# text = "These beasts are sea-cattle," replied Little Claus.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | this beasts | sea cattle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | sea cattle | Little Claus |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent claus=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [catkin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/catkin/)
- next →: [caucus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/caucus/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)