---
title: caucus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «caucus» in the school dictionary: A meeting of members of a political party or group to choose candidates or decide what to do, especially in the USA. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# caucus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** organisation, Caucus race, everyone, they, Dodo, Everybody · **What happens:** choose, decide, do, share, be, run · **To what, where:** candidates, USA, same interests, silly race, circle, end · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«caucus» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [caucus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/caucus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: politics — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A meeting of members of a political party or group to choose candidates or decide what to do, especially in the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caucus:m1:1
# text = A meeting of members of a political party or group to choose candidates or decide what to do, especially in the USA.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	political	political	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
13	candidates	candidate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	decide	decide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
16	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | to-infinitive |  | candidates |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candidate=Theme |
| 2 | **decide** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the USA |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A group of people inside an organisation who share the same interests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caucus:m2:1
# text = A group of people inside an organisation who share the same interests.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	interests	interest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | present | a organisation | the same interests |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Alice — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Caucus-race in Alice in Wonderland is a silly race where everyone runs in a circle, starting and stopping when they like, and at the end the Dodo says «Everybody has won, and all must have prizes».

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caucus:m3:1
# text = The Caucus-race in Alice in Wonderland is a silly race where everyone runs in a circle, starting and stopping when they like, and at the end the Dodo says «Everybody has won, and all must have prizes».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Caucus	Caucus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Alice	Alice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Wonderland	Wonderland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	15	advmod	_	_
14	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	15	nsubj	_	_
15	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
23	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
28	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	Dodo	Dodo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
34	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	Everybody	everybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	37	nsubj	_	_
36	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	won	win	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	33	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
40	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	42	nsubj	_	_
41	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	conj	_	_
43	prizes	prize	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Caucus race in Alice in Wonderland | a silly race |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | present | everyone |  |  | a circle |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in circle=Trajectory |
| 3 | **start** | gerund | everyone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **stop** | gerund | everyone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **like** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Dodo |  |  |  | at the end |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **win** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Everybody |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **have** *in a quote* | must | all | prizes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prize=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Dodo said the best way to get dry was a Caucus-race.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caucus:x1:1
# text = The Dodo said the best way to get dry was a Caucus-race.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Dodo	Dodo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	Caucus	Caucus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Dodo |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | the best way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is a** | past | the best way | a Caucus race |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The party caucus met to choose a new leader.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caucus:x2:1
# text = The party caucus met to choose a new leader.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	caucus	caucus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | the party caucus |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **choose** | to-infinitive | the party caucus *not said here* | a new leader |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Caucus-race, they ran round and round in a circle.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caucus:x3:1
# text = In the Caucus-race, they ran round and round in a circle.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	Caucus	Caucus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	round	round	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	round	round	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | they |  |  | the Caucus race |  | in a circle; round *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in race=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iowa holds its caucus in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caucus:x4:1
# text = Iowa holds its caucus in winter.
1	Iowa	Iowa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	caucus	caucus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | Iowa | its caucus |  |  | winter |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caucus=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everybody won the Caucus-race, so everybody had a prize.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caucus:x5:1
# text = Everybody won the Caucus-race, so everybody had a prize.
1	Everybody	everybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	Caucus	Caucus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	everybody	everybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	10	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | Everybody | the Caucus race |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality |
| 2 | **have** | past | everybody | a prize |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prize=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The caucus voted for the plan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caucus:x6:1
# text = The caucus voted for the plan.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caucus	caucus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	voted	vote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | past | the caucus |  |  |  |  | for the plan *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent for plan=Goal |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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