---
title: causeway — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «causeway» in the school dictionary: A raised road or path across wet ground, marshes or shallow water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# causeway

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, you, causeway, Giant Causeway, Legend, giant Finn · **What happens:** raise, walk, check, drive, disappear, have · **To what, where:** causeway, sea, hexagonal columns, marsh, pump · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«causeway» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [causeway in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/causeway.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A raised road or path across wet ground, marshes or shallow water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:causeway:m1:1
# text = A raised road or path across wet ground, marshes or shallow water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	marshes	marsh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	shallow	shallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Giant's Causeway: a famous place in Northern Ireland with about 40,000 six-sided rock columns.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:causeway:m2:1
# text = The Giant's Causeway: a famous place in Northern Ireland with about 40,000 six-sided rock columns.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	Causeway	Causeway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Northern	Northern	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
11	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
13	about	about	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	40,000	40000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
15	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	sided	sided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We walked across the causeway to the island.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:causeway:x1:1
# text = We walked across the causeway to the island.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	across	across	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	causeway	causeway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | We |  |  | the causeway |  | to the island *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to island=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check the tide times before driving over the causeway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:causeway:x2:1
# text = Check the tide times before driving over the causeway.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	tide	tide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	causeway	causeway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **drive** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  | the causeway |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over causeway=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The causeway disappears under the sea at high tide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:causeway:x3:1
# text = The causeway disappears under the sea at high tide.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	causeway	causeway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	disappears	disappear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tide	tide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disappear** | present | the causeway |  |  | the sea |  | at high tide | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Giant's Causeway has hexagonal columns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:causeway:x4:1
# text = The Giant's Causeway has hexagonal columns.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	Causeway	Causeway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	hexagonal	hexagonal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Giant Causeway | hexagonal columns |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent column=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Legend says the giant Finn McCool built the causeway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:causeway:x5:1
# text = Legend says the giant Finn McCool built the causeway.
1	Legend	legend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Finn	Finn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	McCool	McCool	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	causeway	causeway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Legend |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **build** | past | the giant Finn | the causeway |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent causeway=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long causeway crosses the marsh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:causeway:x6:1
# text = A long causeway crosses the marsh.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	causeway	causeway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	crosses	cross	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	marsh	marsh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | present | a long causeway | the marsh |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marsh=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As for water, I am sinking a pump, and, plase goodness, as soon as the Causeway's made, I intend to finish it."

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:causeway:x7:1
# text = As for water, I am sinking a pump, and, plase goodness, as soon as the Causeway's made, I intend to finish it."
1	As	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	sinking	sink	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pump	pump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	plase	plase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	goodness	goodness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	as	as	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Causeway	Causeway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	intend	intend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	finish	finish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | present · progressive | I | a pump |  |  |  | as water; plase goodness *obl*; soon *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pump=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | participle | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **intend** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **finish** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | pump |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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