---
title: caustic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «caustic» in the school dictionary: Able to burn or eat away skin and other materials by a chemical action, as in «caustic soda». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# caustic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Caustic soda, drain cleaner bottle, you, She, his, critic · **What happens:** burn, eat away, have, wear, make, draw · **To what, where:** skin, caustic warning sign, gloves, caustic remark, caustic review, film

<!-- .vabout -->
«caustic» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [caustic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/caustic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Able to burn or eat away skin and other materials by a chemical action, as in «caustic soda».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caustic:m1:1
# text = Able to burn or eat away skin and other materials by a chemical action, as in «caustic soda».
1	Able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	caustic	caustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	soda	soda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **eat away** | infinitive |  | skin and other materials |  |  |  | by a chemical action as caustic soda; away *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cruel and sharp in a clever, sarcastic way, as in «a caustic remark».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caustic:m2:1
# text = Cruel and sharp in a clever, sarcastic way, as in «a caustic remark».
1	Cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	sarcastic	sarcastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	caustic	caustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	remark	remark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caustic soda can burn your skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caustic:x1:1
# text = Caustic soda can burn your skin.
1	Caustic	caustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	soda	soda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | can | Caustic soda | your skin |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drain cleaner bottle had a caustic warning sign.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caustic:x2:1
# text = The drain cleaner bottle had a caustic warning sign.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	drain	drain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	cleaner	cleaner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	caustic	caustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the drain cleaner bottle | a caustic warning sign |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear gloves and goggles with caustic chemicals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caustic:x3:1
# text = Wear gloves and goggles with caustic chemicals.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	gloves	glove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	goggles	goggle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	caustic	caustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	chemicals	chemical	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | gloves and goggles |  |  |  | with caustic chemicals | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glove=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She made a caustic remark about his drawing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caustic:x4:1
# text = She made a caustic remark about his drawing.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	caustic	caustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	remark	remark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | She | a caustic remark |  |  |  | about his drawing | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remark=Product |
| 2 | **draw** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom drawing «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The critic wrote a caustic review of the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caustic:x5:1
# text = The critic wrote a caustic review of the film.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	critic	critic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	caustic	caustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	review	review	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | the critic | a caustic review of the film |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent review=Theme |
| 2 | **review** |  |  | the film |  |  |  |  | nom review «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep caustic cleaners out of children's reach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caustic:x6:1
# text = Keep caustic cleaners out of children's reach.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	caustic	caustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cleaners	cleaner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	reach	reach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | caustic cleaners |  | children's reach |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cleaner=Theme out reach=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His caustic jokes hurt people's feelings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caustic:x7:1
# text = His caustic jokes hurt people's feelings.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	caustic	caustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	jokes	joke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | present | His caustic jokes | people's feelings |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer feeling=Patient |
| 2 | **joke** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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