---
title: caution — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «caution» in the school dictionary: Great care to avoid danger or mistakes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# caution

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** warning, caution, you, sign, police, teacher · **What happens:** avoid, say, warn, be, not do, use · **To what, where:** danger, Caution, someone, something, informal word, road · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«caution» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [caution in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/caution.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Great care to avoid danger or mistakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:m1:1
# text = Great care to avoid danger or mistakes.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | to-infinitive |  | danger or mistakes |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent danger=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A warning, like a sign saying "Caution: wet floor".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:m2:1
# text = A warning, like a sign saying "Caution: wet floor".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Caution	caution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a warning like a sign *not said here* | Caution and wet floor |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent caution=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An official warning from the police instead of a charge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:m3:1
# text = An official warning from the police instead of a charge.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To warn someone to be careful or not to do something again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:m4:1
# text = To warn someone to be careful or not to do something again.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	warn	warn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | to-infinitive |  |  | someone |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  | again |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A caution can also be an informal word for something or someone surprising, funny or remarkable.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:m5:1
# text = A caution can also be an informal word for something or someone surprising, funny or remarkable.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caution	caution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	conj	_	_
13	surprising	surprising	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	remarkable	remarkable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a caution | a informal word |  |  |  | for something | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use caution when crossing the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:x1:1
# text = Use caution when crossing the road.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	caution	caution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | caution |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caution=Patient |
| 2 | **cross** | gerund | you *not said here* | the road |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign said "Caution: wet floor."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:x2:1
# text = The sign said "Caution: wet floor."
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Caution	caution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the sign | Caution and wet floor |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent caution=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Handle the glass beakers with caution.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:x3:1
# text = Handle the glass beakers with caution.
1	Handle	handle	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	beakers	beaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	caution	caution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **handle** | imperative | you *not said here* | the glass beakers |  |  |  | with caution | vn confront-98 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent beaker=Theme with caution=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police gave him a caution for shouting in the street.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:x4:1
# text = The police gave him a caution for shouting in the street.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	caution	caution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the police | a caution | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient caution=Theme |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | the police *not said here* |  |  | the street |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher cautioned us not to run in the corridor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:x5:1
# text = The teacher cautioned us not to run in the corridor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cautioned	caution	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	corridor	corridor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caution** *speech: other* | past | the teacher |  | us |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient |
| 2 | **not** **run** | to-infinitive | the teacher *not said here* |  |  | the corridor |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in corridor=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She threw caution to the wind and jumped into the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:x6:1
# text = She threw caution to the wind and jumped into the lake.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	caution	caution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | She | caution |  | the wind |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent caution=Theme to wind=Destination |
| 2 | **jump** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the lake *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into lake=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's best to err on the side of caution and take a coat.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:x7:1
# text = It's best to err on the side of caution and take a coat.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	err	err	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	caution	caution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **err** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the side of caution |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | infinitive |  | a coat |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I 'clar' ter grashus ef dat jug ain't a caution!"

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caution:x8:1
# text = I 'clar' ter grashus ef dat jug ain't a caution!"
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	clar	clar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	ter	ter	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	13	nsubj	_	_
6	grashus	grashus	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	5	flat:foreign	_	_
7	ef	ef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
8	dat	dat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	ai	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	caution	caution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **caution** *speech: other* |  | ter and dat jug ai |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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