---
title: cavern — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cavern» in the school dictionary: A large cave, often deep under the ground. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cavern

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** large dark empty space, explorers, Stalactites, dragon, Water, you · **What happens:** feel, find, hang, sleep, carve out, not explore · **To what, where:** huge cavern, hill, cavern ceiling, dark cavern, cavern, thousands

<!-- .vabout -->
«cavern» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cavern in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cavern.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large cave, often deep under the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavern:m1:1
# text = A large cave, often deep under the ground.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any large, dark, empty space that feels like a cave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavern:m2:1
# text = Any large, dark, empty space that feels like a cave.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | any large dark empty space |  |  |  |  | like a cave | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like cave=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The explorers found a huge cavern under the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavern:x1:1
# text = The explorers found a huge cavern under the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the explorers | a huge cavern |  | the hill |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cavern=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stalactites hung from the cavern ceiling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavern:x2:1
# text = Stalactites hung from the cavern ceiling.
1	Stalactites	stalactite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | past | Stalactites |  |  | the cavern ceiling |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dragon slept in a dark cavern.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavern:x3:1
# text = The dragon slept in a dark cavern.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | past | the dragon |  |  | a dark cavern |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cavern=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water carved out the cavern over thousands of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavern:x4:1
# text = Water carved out the cavern over thousands of years.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	carved	carve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve out** | participle | Water *not said here* | the cavern |  | thousands of years |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never explore caverns without an adult and a guide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavern:x5:1
# text = Never explore caverns without an adult and a guide.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	explore	explore	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	caverns	cavern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **explore** | imperative | you *not said here* | caverns |  |  |  | without a adult and a guide | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent cavern=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The empty hall felt like a cavern.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavern:x6:1
# text = The empty hall felt like a cavern.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	acl	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | participle |  | the empty hall *not said here* |  |  |  | like a cavern | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like cavern=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the cavern sat an old woman spinning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavern:x7:1
# text = In the cavern sat an old woman spinning.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	spinning	spin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past |  | a old woman |  | the cavern |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent woman=Theme in cavern=Location |
| 2 | **spin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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