---
title: cavity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cavity» in the school dictionary: A cavity is a hollow space inside something solid. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cavity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cavity, body cavity, dentist, Brushing, Sweets, heart · **What happens:** be, cause, find, brush, help, stop · **To what, where:** hollow space, something, small hole, tooth, space, body

<!-- .vabout -->
«cavity» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cavity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cavity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cavity is a hollow space inside something solid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:m1:1
# text = A cavity is a hollow space inside something solid.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cavity	cavity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	_
9	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cavity | a hollow space |  | something |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cavity is a small hole in a tooth caused by decay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:m2:1
# text = A cavity is a small hole in a tooth caused by decay.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cavity	cavity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	decay	decay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cavity | a small hole |  | a tooth |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  | a tooth *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A body cavity is a space inside the body, such as the chest or the mouth.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:m3:1
# text = A body cavity is a space inside the body, such as the chest or the mouth.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cavity	cavity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a body cavity | a space and the chest or the mouth |  | the body |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dentist found a cavity in my back tooth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:x1:1
# text = The dentist found a cavity in my back tooth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dentist	dentist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cavity	cavity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the dentist | a cavity |  | my back tooth |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cavity=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brushing twice a day helps stop cavities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:x2:1
# text = Brushing twice a day helps stop cavities.
1	Brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	csubj	_	_
2	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	1	advmod	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
7	cavities	cavity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | gerund |  |  |  |  | day | twice *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **help** | present | Brushing |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **stop** | infinitive | Brushing *not said here* | cavities |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality cavity=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sweets and fizzy drinks can cause cavities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:x3:1
# text = Sweets and fizzy drinks can cause cavities.
1	Sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	fizzy	fizzy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	cavities	cavity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | can | Sweets and fizzy drinks | cavities |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition cavity=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heart and lungs sit in the chest cavity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:x4:1
# text = The heart and lungs sit in the chest cavity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	sit	sit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cavity	cavity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present | the heart and lungs |  |  | the chest cavity |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cavity=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house has cavity walls filled with insulation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:x5:1
# text = The house has cavity walls filled with insulation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cavity	cavity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	insulation	insulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the house | cavity walls |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient |
| 2 | **fill** | participle |  | cavity walls *not said here* |  |  |  | with insulation | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with insulation=Instrument |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water had worn a cavity in the rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:x6:1
# text = Water had worn a cavity in the rock.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cavity	cavity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past · perfect · passive |  | Water |  | the rock |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bird nested in a cavity in the old tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:x7:1
# text = A bird nested in a cavity in the old tree.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	nested	nest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cavity	cavity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nest** | participle |  | a bird *not said here* |  | a cavity |  | in the old tree | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No cavities this time — well done!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:x8:1
# text = No cavities this time — well done!
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	cavities	cavity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod:unmarked	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle | no cavities  this time |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Within the cavity lay a sword, with a golden hilt, and a pair of sandals.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cavity:x9:1
# text = Within the cavity lay a sword, with a golden hilt, and a pair of sandals.
1	Within	within	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cavity	cavity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	hilt	hilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	sandals	sandal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past |  | a sword |  |  |  | within the cavity; with a golden hilt; a pair of sandals *obl* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sword=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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