---
title: caw — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «caw» in the school dictionary: The loud harsh cry of a crow, rook or raven. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# caw

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** crow, We, raven, Rooks, cat, single caw · **What happens:** cry, make, caw, hear, go, come · **To what, where:** sound, crow, rooftop, caw, birds, silence

<!-- .vabout -->
«caw» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [caw in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/caw.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loud harsh cry of a crow, rook or raven.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caw:m1:1
# text = The loud harsh cry of a crow, rook or raven.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	rook	rook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** |  | a crow and rook or raven |  |  |  |  |  | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make this sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caw:m2:1
# text = To make this sound.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | this sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crow cawed from the rooftop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caw:x1:1
# text = The crow cawed from the rooftop.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	cawed	caw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rooftop	rooftop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caw** | participle |  | the crow *not said here* |  | the rooftop |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard the caw of a raven.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caw:x2:1
# text = We heard the caw of a raven.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	caw	caw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | the caw of a raven |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer caw=Stimulus |
| 2 | **caw** |  | a raven |  |  |  |  |  | nom caw «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rooks caw loudly in the evening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caw:x3:1
# text = Rooks caw loudly in the evening.
1	Rooks	rook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caw	caw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caw** | present | Rooks |  |  |  | evening | loudly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Caw! Caw!» went the crow.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Caw!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caw:x4:1
# text = «Caw!
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Caw	caw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Caw!» went the crow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caw:x4:2
# text = Caw!» went the crow.
1	Caw	caw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** *in a quote* | past |  | the crow |  |  |  | Caw *vocative* | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location crow=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The birds cawed when the cat came near.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caw:x5:1
# text = The birds cawed when the cat came near.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	cawed	caw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	near	near	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caw** | participle |  | the birds *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** | past | the cat |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A single caw broke the silence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caw:x6:1
# text = A single caw broke the silence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	caw	caw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | a single caw | the silence |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer silence=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caw! caw! a crow flew up from the ditch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caw:x7:1
# text = Caw! caw! a crow flew up from the ditch.
1	Caw	caw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	caw	caw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ditch	ditch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly up** | past | Caw caw |  |  | the ditch |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from ditch=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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