---
title: cayuga — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cayuga» in the school dictionary: The Cayuga are a Native American (First Nations) people, one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy, from what is now New York State and Ontario. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cayuga

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cayuga, Many Cayuga people, Cayuga Lake, few people, We, map · **What happens:** be, speak, name, live, read, join · **To what, where:** York State, Cayuga language, places, one, Ontario, confederacy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cayuga» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cayuga in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cayuga.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Cayuga are a Native American (First Nations) people, one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy, from what is now New York State and Ontario.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cayuga:m1:1
# text = The Cayuga are a Native American (First Nations) people, one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy, from what is now New York State and Ontario.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Cayuga	Cayuga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	First	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	24	compound	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Haudenosaunee	Haudenosaunee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	Iroquois	Iroquois	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
24	Confederacy	confederacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	24	appos	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
29	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	32	advmod	_	_
30	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
31	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	acl:relcl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	Ontario	Ontario	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Cayuga |  |  |  |  | american *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | York State and Ontario |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Cayuga language spoken by that people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cayuga:m2:1
# text = The Cayuga language spoken by that people.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Cayuga	Cayuga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | the Cayuga language *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cayuga Lake, one of the Finger Lakes in New York State, and places named after it.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cayuga:m3:1
# text = Cayuga Lake, one of the Finger Lakes in New York State, and places named after it.
1	Cayuga	Cayuga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Finger	Finger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Lakes	Lake	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
11	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	_
16	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	after	after	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | participle |  | places *not said here* |  |  | after it |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Cayuga are one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cayuga:x1:1
# text = The Cayuga are one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Cayuga	Cayuga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Haudenosaunee	Haudenosaunee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Cayuga | one |  |  |  | of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Cayuga people live today in Ontario, Canada, and in New York State.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cayuga:x2:1
# text = Many Cayuga people live today in Ontario, Canada, and in New York State.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Cayuga	Cayuga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ontario	Ontario	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
14	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Many Cayuga people |  |  | Ontario and Canada | today | in York State | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ontario=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cayuga Lake is one of the long, thin Finger Lakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cayuga:x3:1
# text = Cayuga Lake is one of the long, thin Finger Lakes.
1	Cayuga	Cayuga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	Finger	Finger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Lakes	Lake	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cayuga Lake | one |  |  |  | of the long thin Finger Lakes | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only a few people still speak the Cayuga language fluently.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cayuga:x4:1
# text = Only a few people still speak the Cayuga language fluently.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Cayuga	Cayuga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	fluently	fluently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | a few people | the Cayuga language |  |  | still | fluently *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read how the Cayuga joined the confederacy for peace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cayuga:x5:1
# text = We read how the Cayuga joined the confederacy for peace.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Cayuga	Cayuga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	joined	join	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	confederacy	confederacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **join** | past | the Cayuga | the confederacy |  |  |  | for peace | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent confederacy=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our map showed Cayuga Lake south of Lake Ontario.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cayuga:x6:1
# text = Our map showed Cayuga Lake south of Lake Ontario.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Cayuga	Cayuga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	south	south	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Ontario	Ontario	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Our map |  | Cayuga Lake |  |  | south *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lake=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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