---
title: cement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cement» in the school dictionary: A grey powder mixed with water, sand and stones to make concrete or mortar; it becomes hard when dry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cement/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / cement

# cement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** grey powder, builders, cement mixer, you, They, trip · **What happens:** mix, make, become, stick, turn, not step · **To what, where:** grey powder, concrete, things, something, cement, wet cement

<!-- .vabout -->
«cement» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grey powder mixed with water, sand and stones to make concrete or mortar; it becomes hard when dry.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cement:m1:1
# text = A grey powder mixed with water, sand and stones to make concrete or mortar; it becomes hard when dry.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
4	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
13	concrete	concrete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	mortar	mortar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	advmod	_	_
20	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	21	mark	_	_
21	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | participle |  | a grey powder *not said here* |  |  |  | with water and sand and stones | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with water=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | concrete or mortar |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset concrete=Product |
| 3 | **become** | present | a grey powder |  |  |  |  | dry, hard *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong glue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cement:m2:1
# text = A strong glue.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	glue	glue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stick things together with cement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cement:m3:1
# text = To stick things together with cement.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stick	stick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cement	cement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick** | to-infinitive |  | things |  |  |  | with cement; together *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent thing=Destination with cement=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make something stronger or more certain (cement a friendship).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cement:m4:1
# text = To make something stronger or more certain (cement a friendship).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
7	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	cement	cement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset something=Beneficiary cement=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The builders mixed cement for the new wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cement:x1:1
# text = The builders mixed cement for the new wall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	cement	cement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | participle | the builders *not said here* | cement |  |  |  | for the new wall | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent cement=Product for wall=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cement mixer turned slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cement:x2:1
# text = The cement mixer turned slowly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cement	cement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	mixer	mixer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the cement mixer |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't step on the wet cement!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cement:x3:1
# text = Don't step on the wet cement!
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	step	step	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cement	cement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **step** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | the wet cement |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on cement=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They cemented the bricks together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cement:x4:1
# text = They cemented the bricks together.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cemented	cement	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bricks	brick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	together	together	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cement** | past | They | the bricks |  |  |  | together *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brick=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trip cemented their friendship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cement:x5:1
# text = The trip cemented their friendship.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cemented	cement	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cement** | past | the trip | their friendship |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cement is made by heating limestone and clay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cement:x6:1
# text = Cement is made by heating limestone and clay.
1	Cement	cement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	heating	heat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	advcl	_	_
6	limestone	limestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Cement |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **heat** | gerund |  | limestone and clay |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent limestone=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [celtic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/celtic/)
- next →: [cemetery](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cemetery/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)