---
title: cenotaph — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cenotaph» in the school dictionary: A cenotaph is a monument built to remember people, especially soldiers, who died somewhere else and are buried elsewhere. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cenotaph

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cenotaph, soldiers, We, Everyone, King, Scouts · **What happens:** be, build, remember, die, bury, lay · **To what, where:** monument, people, famous war memorial, Whitehall, poppies, cenotaph

<!-- .vabout -->
«cenotaph» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cenotaph in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cenotaph.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cenotaph is a monument built to remember people, especially soldiers, who died somewhere else and are buried elsewhere.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cenotaph:m1:1
# text = A cenotaph is a monument built to remember people, especially soldiers, who died somewhere else and are buried elsewhere.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cenotaph	cenotaph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	monument	monument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	15	advmod	_	_
17	else	else	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
21	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cenotaph | a monument and soldiers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **build** | participle |  | a monument and soldiers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **remember** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 4 | **die** | past | soldiers |  |  |  |  | somewhere *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **bury** | present · passive | soldiers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | elsewhere *property* | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Cenotaph is the famous war memorial in Whitehall, London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cenotaph:m2:1
# text = The Cenotaph is the famous war memorial in Whitehall, London.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Cenotaph	cenotaph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	memorial	memorial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Whitehall	Whitehall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Cenotaph | the famous war memorial |  | Whitehall |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We laid poppies at the cenotaph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cenotaph:x1:1
# text = We laid poppies at the cenotaph.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	poppies	poppy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cenotaph	cenotaph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past | We | poppies |  | the cenotaph |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent poppy=Theme at cenotaph=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The names of local soldiers are carved on the cenotaph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cenotaph:x2:1
# text = The names of local soldiers are carved on the cenotaph.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	carved	carve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cenotaph	cenotaph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | present · passive |  | the names of local soldiers |  | the cenotaph |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on cenotaph=Destination |
| 2 | **name** |  |  | local soldiers |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone stood silent by the cenotaph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cenotaph:x3:1
# text = Everyone stood silent by the cenotaph.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cenotaph	cenotaph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | Everyone |  |  |  |  | by the cenotaph; silent *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by cenotaph=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The King laid a wreath at the Cenotaph in London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cenotaph:x4:1
# text = The King laid a wreath at the Cenotaph in London.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wreath	wreath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Cenotaph	Cenotaph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past | the King | a wreath |  | the Cenotaph in London |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent wreath=Theme at cenotaph=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our town's cenotaph is in the middle of the square.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cenotaph:x5:1
# text = Our town's cenotaph is in the middle of the square.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	cenotaph	cenotaph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our town's cenotaph |  |  | the middle |  | of the square | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scouts marched to the cenotaph for the service.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cenotaph:x6:1
# text = Scouts marched to the cenotaph for the service.
1	Scouts	scout	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cenotaph	cenotaph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **march** | past | Scouts |  |  |  |  | to the cenotaph *result*; for the service | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to cenotaph=Result |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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