---
title: certificate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «certificate» in the school dictionary: A certificate is an official paper that proves something is true, like a birth certificate, a certificate of baptism, or a certificate for passing an exam. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# certificate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** certificate, official paper, something, I, Mum, our · **What happens:** be, prove, pass, certificate, give, get · **To what, where:** official paper, exam, baptism, prize paper, age rating, certificate · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«certificate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [certificate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/certificate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A certificate is an official paper that proves something is true, like a birth certificate, a certificate of baptism, or a certificate for passing an exam.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:certificate:m1:1
# text = A certificate is an official paper that proves something is true, like a birth certificate, a certificate of baptism, or a certificate for passing an exam.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	proves	prove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	baptism	baptism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
26	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
27	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	acl	_	_
28	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a certificate | a official paper or a certificate |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **prove** | present | a official paper or a certificate |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **pass** | gerund | a certificate *not said here* | a exam |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme exam=Trajectory |
| 5 | **certificate** |  |  | baptism |  |  |  |  | nom certificate «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A certificate is a prize paper given for an achievement, like a swimming certificate or a star-of-the-week certificate.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:certificate:m2:1
# text = A certificate is a prize paper given for an achievement, like a swimming certificate or a star-of-the-week certificate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	achievement	achievement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a certificate | a prize paper |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  | a prize paper *not said here* |  |  |  | for a achievement; like a swimming certificate or a star and the week certificate | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent for achievement=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: film — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A certificate is the age rating of a film, such as PG or 12.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:certificate:m3:1
# text = A certificate is the age rating of a film, such as PG or 12.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rating	rating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	PG	PG	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a certificate | the age rating |  |  |  | of a film | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I got a certificate for swimming twenty-five metres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:certificate:x1:1
# text = I got a certificate for swimming twenty-five metres.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | I | a certificate |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer certificate=Stimulus |
| 2 | **swim** | gerund | I *not said here* | five metres |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme metre=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum keeps our birth certificates in a folder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:certificate:x2:1
# text = Mum keeps our birth certificates in a folder.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	certificates	certificate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	folder	folder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Mum | our birth certificates |  | a folder |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent certificate=Theme in folder=Location |
| 2 | **certificate** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom certificate «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head gave out certificates in Friday assembly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:certificate:x3:1
# text = The head gave out certificates in Friday assembly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	certificates	certificate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	assembly	assembly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give out** | past | the head | certificates |  | Friday assembly |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent certificate=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You need your exam certificates when you apply for a job.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:certificate:x4:1
# text = You need your exam certificates when you apply for a job.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	certificates	certificate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	apply	apply	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **certificate** | present | your exam |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **apply** | present | you |  |  |  |  | for a job | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent for job=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film has a 12 certificate, so I'm too young.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:certificate:x5:1
# text = The film has a 12 certificate, so I'm too young.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	too	too	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the film | a 12 certificate |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent certificate=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baptism certificate shows the church's name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:certificate:x6:1
# text = The baptism certificate shows the church's name.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	baptism	baptism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the baptism certificate | the church's name |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient |
| 2 | **name** |  | the church |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Bring a certificate from the old moor-hen," said he, "that you have slept away half your time in fatherland; then you will be treated with some consideration."

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:certificate:x7:1
# text = "Bring a certificate from the old moor-hen," said he, "that you have slept away half your time in fatherland; then you will be treated with some consideration."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	certificate	certificate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	moor	moor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	hen	hen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	slept	sleep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
21	away	away	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	24	det:predet	_	_
23	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl:unmarked	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	fatherland	fatherland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
28	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	32	advmod	_	_
29	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
31	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	parataxis	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	35	det	_	_
35	consideration	consideration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | a certificate |  |  |  | from the old moor hen | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent certificate=Theme from hen=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sleep away** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | that |  | fatherland | time | away *property* | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Value in fatherland=Location |
| 4 | **treat** *in a quote* | future · passive |  | you |  |  | then | with some consideration | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with consideration=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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