---
title: cession — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cession» in the school dictionary: The act of giving up land or rights to another country or person, often after a war or by a treaty. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cession

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** act, treaty, Mexican Cession, Cession · **What happens:** give up, force, cede, give, include, happen · **To what, where:** land, country, cession, island, USA land, Hong

<!-- .vabout -->
«cession» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cession in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cession.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, history, law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of giving up land or rights to another country or person, often after a war or by a treaty.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cession:m1:1
# text = The act of giving up land or rights to another country or person, often after a war or by a treaty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	rights	right	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	after	after	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give up** | gerund | the act *not said here* | land or rights | another country or person |  | after a war or a treaty |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent land=Theme to country=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The treaty forced the cession of the island.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cession:x1:1
# text = The treaty forced the cession of the island.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	forced	force	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cession	cession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **force** | past | the treaty | the cession of the island |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cession=Recipient |
| 2 | **cede** |  |  | the island |  |  |  |  | nom cession «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mexican Cession gave the USA land including California.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cession:x2:1
# text = The Mexican Cession gave the USA land including California.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Mexican	Mexican	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Cession	Cession	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	including	include	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	case	_	_
9	California	California	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the Mexican Cession | the USA land |  |  |  | include California | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme |
| 2 | **include** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cession of land often happened after a war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cession:x3:1
# text = Cession of land often happened after a war.
1	Cession	cession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	often	often	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past | Cession of land |  |  |  | after a war | often *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cede** |  |  | land |  |  |  |  | nom cession «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hong Kong was given to Britain by cession in 1842.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cession:x4:1
# text = Hong Kong was given to Britain by cession in 1842.
1	Hong	Hong	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Kong	Kong	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cession	cession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	1842	1842	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · passive | cession | Hong | Britain | 1842 |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to britain=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Native nations were pushed into the cession of their lands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cession:x5:1
# text = Native nations were pushed into the cession of their lands.
1	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cession	cession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | past · passive |  | Native nations |  | the cession of nations's lands |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into cession=Destination |
| 2 | **cede** |  |  | nations's lands |  |  |  |  | nom cession «act transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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