---
title: cetacean — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cetacean» in the school dictionary: Any member of the group of sea mammals that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cetacean

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**Who acts:** sea mammals, Whales, Cetaceans, blue whale, cetacean, We · **What happens:** include, be, breathe, see, get, stick · **To what, where:** whales, cetaceans, air, blowhole, biggest cetacean, mammal

<!-- .vabout -->
«cetacean» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cetacean in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cetacean.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any member of the group of sea mammals that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cetacean:m1:1
# text = Any member of the group of sea mammals that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	porpoises	porpoise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | sea mammals | whales and dolphins and porpoises |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whales, dolphins and porpoises are all cetaceans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cetacean:x1:1
# text = Whales, dolphins and porpoises are all cetaceans.
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	porpoises	porpoise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	cetaceans	cetacean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Whales and dolphins and porpoises | cetaceans |  |  |  | all *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cetaceans breathe air through a blowhole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cetacean:x2:1
# text = Cetaceans breathe air through a blowhole.
1	Cetaceans	Cetacean	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	blowhole	blowhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | Cetaceans | air |  | a blowhole |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The blue whale is the biggest cetacean and the biggest animal ever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cetacean:x3:1
# text = The blue whale is the biggest cetacean and the biggest animal ever.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	cetacean	cetacean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	amod	_	_
11	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the blue whale | the biggest cetacean and the biggest animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cetacean is a mammal, not a fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cetacean:x4:1
# text = A cetacean is a mammal, not a fish.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cetacean	cetacean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mammal	mammal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cetacean | a mammal |  |  |  | a fish *nmod* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw cetaceans from the boat off the coast of New Zealand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cetacean:x5:1
# text = We saw cetaceans from the boat off the coast of New Zealand.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cetaceans	cetacean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
12	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | cetaceans |  | the boat |  | off the coast of New Zealand | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cetacean=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the Whale got a grating stuck in his throat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cetacean:x6:1
# text = In the story, the Whale got a grating stuck in his throat.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	grating	grating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the Whale | a grating |  | the story |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer grating=Stimulus |
| 2 | **stick** | participle |  | a grating *not said here* |  | Whale's throat |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in throat=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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