---
title: chaffinch — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chaffinch» in the school dictionary: A chaffinch is a small songbird with a bright, colourful breast, common in Britain and Europe. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chaffinch/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / chaffinch

# chaffinch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** chaffinch, you · **What happens:** be, haste away, catch, sing · **To what, where:** small songbird, Wing, hedge

<!-- .vabout -->
«chaffinch» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chaffinch in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chaffinch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chaffinch is a small songbird with a bright, colourful breast, common in Britain and Europe.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaffinch:m1:1
# text = A chaffinch is a small songbird with a bright, colourful breast, common in Britain and Europe.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chaffinch	chaffinch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	songbird	songbird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	colourful	colourful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	breast	breast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chaffinch | a small songbird |  |  |  | with a bright colourful breast | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Blackbird, thrush, and chaffinch gay, haste away!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaffinch:x1:1
# text = Blackbird, thrush, and chaffinch gay, haste away!
1	Blackbird	blackbird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	thrush	thrush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	chaffinch	chaffinch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	gay	gay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	haste	haste	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
10	away	away	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **haste away** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | away *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catch the Chaffinch-on-the-Wing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaffinch:x2:1
# text = Catch the Chaffinch-on-the-Wing.
1	Catch	catch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
3	Chaffinch	Chaffinch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | imperative | you *not said here* | the Wing |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chaffinch sang in the hedge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaffinch:x3:1
# text = A chaffinch sang in the hedge.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chaffinch	chaffinch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | a chaffinch |  |  | the hedge |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hedge=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [chaff](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chaff/)
- next →: [chagrin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chagrin/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)