---
title: chain — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chain» in the school dictionary: A chain is a row of metal rings, called links, joined together. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** chain, metal rings, things, chain gang, prisoners, paper chain · **What happens:** be, call, join, follow, chain, work · **To what, where:** row, links, one, group, prisoners, 40 links · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«chain» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chain in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chain is a row of metal rings, called links, joined together.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:m1:1
# text = A chain is a row of metal rings, called links, joined together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
11	links	link	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
14	together	together	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chain | a row |  |  |  | of metal rings | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle | metal rings *not said here* | links |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **join** | participle | a chain *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chain is a row of things joined or following one another, like a chain of islands or a food chain.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:m2:1
# text = A chain is a row of things joined or following one another, like a chain of islands or a food chain.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
12	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chain | a row and a chain of islands or a food chain |  |  |  | of things | tree rules |
| 2 | **join** | participle | things *not said here* | one |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **follow** | gerund | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chain is a group of shops or hotels with the same name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:m3:1
# text = A chain is a group of shops or hotels with the same name.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	hotels	hotel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chain | a group |  |  |  | of shops with the same name or hotels | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chain is to tie up with a chain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:m4:1
# text = To chain is to tie up with a chain.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	tie	tie	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with a chain; tie *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chain gang is a group of prisoners who are chained together while they work.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:m5:1
# text = A chain gang is a group of prisoners who are chained together while they work.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	gang	gang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	chained	chain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chain gang | a group |  |  |  | of prisoners | tree rules |
| 2 | **chain** | present · passive |  | prisoners |  |  |  | together *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **work** | present | prisoners *= prisoner* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A paper chain has 40 links.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x1:1
# text = A paper chain has 40 links.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	links	link	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a paper chain | 40 links |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent link=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She adds 5 links each day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x2:1
# text = She adds 5 links each day.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	adds	add	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	links	link	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | She | 5 links |  |  | day |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent link=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each link is 2 cm long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x3:1
# text = Each link is 2 cm long.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	link	link	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | each link |  |  |  |  | 2 cm *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How long is a chain of 10 links?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x4:1
# text = How long is a chain of 10 links?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	links	link	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a chain |  |  |  | of 10 links; long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grass, rabbit, fox: that is a food chain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x5:1
# text = Grass, rabbit, fox: that is a food chain.
1	Grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that | a food chain |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He chained his bike to the fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x6:1
# text = He chained his bike to the fence.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chained	chain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chain** | past | He | his bike |  |  |  | to the fence | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent bike=Patient to fence=Co-Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wears a gold chain around her neck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x7:1
# text = She wears a gold chain around her neck.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | She | a gold chain |  | her neck |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent chain=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop is part of a big chain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x8:1
# text = The shop is part of a big chain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the shop | part |  |  |  | of a big chain | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hold hands to make a human chain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x9:1
# text = Hold hands to make a human chain.
1	Hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | imperative | you *not said here* | hands |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a human chain |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset chain=Product |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One fall started a chain reaction of dominoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x10:1
# text = One fall started a chain reaction of dominoes.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dominoes	domino	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | One fall | a chain reaction of dominoes |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reaction=Eventuality |
| 2 | **react** |  | dominoes |  |  |  |  |  | nom reaction «process intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"He isn't chained up yet," said Johnnie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chain:x11:1
# text = "He isn't chained up yet," said Johnnie.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	chained	chain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	ccomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Johnnie	Johnnie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **chain up** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | He |  |  | yet |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Johnnie |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [chagrin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chagrin/)
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- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)