---
title: chair — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chair» in the school dictionary: A chair is a seat for one person, with a back and usually four legs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chair

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** chair, person, meeting, 6 rows, table, many · **What happens:** be, run, have, stand, cost, push · **To what, where:** seat, person, meeting, 4 chairs, 20 dollars, chair

<!-- .vabout -->
«chair» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chair in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chair.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chair is a seat for one person, with a back and usually four legs.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:m1:1
# text = A chair is a seat for one person, with a back and usually four legs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chair | a seat |  |  |  | for one person; with a back and four legs | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chair (chairperson) is the person who runs a meeting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:m2:1
# text = The chair (chairperson) is the person who runs a meeting.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	chairperson	chairperson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the chair | the person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | present | the person | a meeting |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme meeting=Trajectory |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chair a meeting is to lead it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:m3:1
# text = To chair a meeting is to lead it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a meeting |  |  |  |  | lead *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 6 rows of 8 chairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x1:1
# text = There are 6 rows of 8 chairs.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	chairs	chair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 6 rows of 8 chairs |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each table has 4 chairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x2:1
# text = Each table has 4 chairs.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	chairs	chair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each table | 4 chairs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chair=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
30 people and 25 chairs: how many must stand?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x3:1
# text = 30 people and 25 chairs: how many must stand?
1	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	chairs	chair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | must | many |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chair costs 20 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x4:1
# text = A chair costs 20 dollars.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a chair | 20 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Push your chair in when you leave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x5:1
# text = Push your chair in when you leave.
1	Push	push	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | imperative | you *not said here* | your chair |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chair=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We played musical chairs at the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x6:1
# text = We played musical chairs at the party.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	chairs	chair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | We | musical chairs |  | the party |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chair=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa sat in his armchair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x7:1
# text = Grandpa sat in his armchair.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	armchair	armchair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | Grandpa |  |  | Grandpa's armchair |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in armchair=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She uses a wheelchair to get around.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x8:1
# text = She uses a wheelchair to get around.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wheelchair	wheelchair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	around	around	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | She | a wheelchair |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheelchair=Patient |
| 2 | **get around** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | around *property* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby ate in her high chair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x9:1
# text = The baby ate in her high chair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | the baby |  |  | baby's high chair |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't lean back on your chair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x10:1
# text = Don't lean back on your chair.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	lean	lean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **lean back** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | your chair |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on chair=Location |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Who’s been sitting on my little chair?’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chair:x11:1
# text = ‘Who’s been sitting on my little chair?’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux	_	_
5	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present · progressive |  |  |  | my little chair |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on chair=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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