---
title: chant — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chant» in the school dictionary: Words or a phrase repeated over and over in a rhythm, often by a crowd. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chant

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fans, team, We, monks, playground chant, protesters · **What happens:** repeat, use, sing, say, chant, name · **To what, where:** phrase, rhythm, simple tune, prayers, words, name · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«chant» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chant in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chant.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Words or a phrase repeated over and over in a rhythm, often by a crowd.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:m1:1
# text = Words or a phrase repeated over and over in a rhythm, often by a crowd.
1	Words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | participle |  | a phrase *not said here* |  | a rhythm and a crowd |  | over *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A simple tune used to sing prayers or psalms, like plainchant or Gregorian chant.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:m2:1
# text = A simple tune used to sing prayers or psalms, like plainchant or Gregorian chant.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	psalms	psalm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	plainchant	plainchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	chant	chant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a simple tune *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  | prayers or psalms and plainchant or Gregorian chant |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location prayer=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To say or sing words again and again in a rhythm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:m3:1
# text = To say or sing words again and again in a rhythm.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	sing	sing	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | infinitive |  | words |  | a rhythm | again |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location word=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fans chanted the team's name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:x1:1
# text = The fans chanted the team's name.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fans	fan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | the fans | the team's name |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Topic |
| 2 | **name** |  | the team |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We chant our times tables every morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:x2:1
# text = We chant our times tables every morning.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chant	chant	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	compound	_	_
5	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | present | We | times tables |  |  | morning |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monks sang a slow chant in the chapel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:x3:1
# text = The monks sang a slow chant in the chapel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	chant	chant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	chapel	chapel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the monks | a slow chant |  | the chapel |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location chant=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"We want more!" chanted the crowd.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:x4:1
# text = "We want more!" chanted the crowd.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	reparandum	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** *in a quote* | present | We | more |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot more=Theme |
| 2 | **chant** | past |  | the crowd |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crowd=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The playground chant goes "one, two, buckle my shoe".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:x5:1
# text = The playground chant goes "one, two, buckle my shoe".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chant	chant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	buckle	buckle	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the playground chant | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **buckle** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | my shoe |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The protesters chanted for change.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:x6:1
# text = The protesters chanted for change.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	protesters	protester	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | the protesters |  |  |  |  | for change | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for change=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gregorian chant is very old church music.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:x7:1
# text = Gregorian chant is very old church music.
1	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	chant	chant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gregorian chant | old church music |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The incense rises in clouds, and the monks chant the funeral hymn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chant:x8:1
# text = The incense rises in clouds, and the monks chant the funeral hymn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rises	rise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	chant	chant	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	hymn	hymn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | present | the incense |  |  | clouds |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cloud=Location |
| 2 | **chant** | present | the monks | the funeral hymn |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hymn=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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