---
title: chanted — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chanted» in the school dictionary: Chanted is the past form of «chant»: they said or sang the same words again and again in a rhythm, often loudly together. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chanted

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** they, same words, monks, crowd, team, We · **What happens:** chant, say, sing, form, mean, describe · **To what, where:** past form, rhythm, chant, psalms, words, football match · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«chanted» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chanted in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chanted.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chanted is the past form of «chant»: they said or sang the same words again and again in a rhythm, often loudly together.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chanted:m1:1
# text = Chanted is the past form of «chant»: they said or sang the same words again and again in a rhythm, often loudly together.
1	Chanted	chant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	aux:pass	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	chant	chant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	again	again	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	again	again	ADV	RB	_	18	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	often	often	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
27	together	together	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | present · passive |  | the past form of chant |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V» |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | they |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the same words |  |  | a rhythm | again |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rhythm=Location |
| 4 | **form** |  |  | chant |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chanted can mean sung on one or a few notes, as monks chant psalms and prayers.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chanted:m2:1
# text = Chanted can mean sung on one or a few notes, as monks chant psalms and prayers.
1	Chanted	chant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	chant	chant	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	psalms	psalm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* *not said to happen* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | on one or a few notes | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on one=Location |
| 4 | **chant** | present | monks | psalms and prayers |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent psalm=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chanted can describe words said together as a crowd, at a football match or a protest.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chanted:m3:1
# text = Chanted can describe words said together as a crowd, at a football match or a protest.
1	Chanted	chant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	protest	protest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **describe** | can |  | words |  | a football match or a protest |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  | words *not said here* |  |  |  | as a crowd; together *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd chanted the team's name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chanted:x1:1
# text = The crowd chanted the team's name.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | the crowd | the team's name |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Topic |
| 2 | **name** |  | the team |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We chanted the seven times table until we knew it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chanted:x2:1
# text = We chanted the seven times table until we knew it.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	compound	_	_
6	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | We | the times table |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | past | we | table |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monks chanted psalms in the dark chapel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chanted:x3:1
# text = The monks chanted psalms in the dark chapel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	psalms	psalm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	chapel	chapel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | the monks | psalms |  | the dark chapel |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent psalm=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children chanted a skipping rhyme in the playground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chanted:x4:1
# text = The children chanted a skipping rhyme in the playground.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	skipping	skip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	rhyme	rhyme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | the children | a skipping rhyme |  | the playground |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rhyme=Topic |
| 2 | **skip** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Protesters chanted, «Save our park!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chanted:x5:1
# text = Protesters chanted, «Save our park!»
1	Protesters	protester	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | Protesters |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **save** *in a quote* | infinitive | Protesters *not said here* | our park |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent park=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fans chanted and clapped all through the match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chanted:x6:1
# text = The fans chanted and clapped all through the match.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fans	fan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	clapped	clap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | the fans |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **clap** | past | the fans *not said here* |  |  | the match |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through match=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As she chanted the final words the head moved, and the limbs came back.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chanted:x7:1
# text = As she chanted the final words the head moved, and the limbs came back.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	limbs	limb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	back	back	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | she | the final words |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **move** | past | the head | the final words *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 3 | **come back** | past | the limbs |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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