---
title: chaos — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chaos» in the school dictionary: Chaos is a state of complete confusion and disorder, where nothing is organised. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chaos

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Chaos, nothing, classroom, fire alarm, Snow, puppy · **What happens:** be, predict, make, go off, cause, begin · **To what, where:** state, differences, formless emptiness, old stories, world, chaos

<!-- .vabout -->
«chaos» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chaos in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chaos.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chaos is a state of complete confusion and disorder, where nothing is organised.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaos:m1:1
# text = Chaos is a state of complete confusion and disorder, where nothing is organised.
1	Chaos	chaos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	confusion	confusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	disorder	disorder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
12	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	organised	organised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chaos | a state |  |  |  | of complete confusion and disorder | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | nothing |  |  |  |  | organised *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science, maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chaos is when tiny changes at the start lead to huge, hard-to-predict differences later, as in weather.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaos:m2:1
# text = Chaos is when tiny changes at the start lead to huge, hard-to-predict differences later, as in weather.
1	Chaos	chaos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
4	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	lead	lead	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	predict	predict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
18	differences	difference	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Chaos |  |  |  |  | to huge; lead *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **predict** | infinitive | Chaos *not said here* | differences |  |  |  | late *property* | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot difference=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: myth, Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old stories, Chaos was the formless emptiness before the world was made.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaos:m3:1
# text = In old stories, Chaos was the formless emptiness before the world was made.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Chaos	Chaos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	formless	formless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	emptiness	emptiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Chaos | the formless emptiness |  | old stories |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive |  | the world |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The classroom was in chaos when the fire alarm went off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaos:x1:1
# text = The classroom was in chaos when the fire alarm went off.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	chaos	chaos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	off	off	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the classroom |  |  | chaos |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go off** | past | the fire alarm |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snow caused chaos on the roads.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaos:x2:1
# text = Snow caused chaos on the roads.
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chaos	chaos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | Snow | chaos |  | the roads |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition chaos=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy caused chaos in the kitchen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaos:x3:1
# text = The puppy caused chaos in the kitchen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	chaos	chao	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the puppy | chaos |  | the kitchen |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition chao=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the party the house was total chaos.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaos:x4:1
# text = After the party the house was total chaos.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	chaos	chaos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the house | total chaos |  |  | after the party |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The weather is hard to predict because of chaos.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaos:x5:1
# text = The weather is hard to predict because of chaos.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	predict	predict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	chaos	chaos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the weather |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **predict** | to-infinitive | the weather *not said here* |  |  |  |  | because chaos | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Greek myths, the world began from Chaos.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaos:x6:1
# text = In Greek myths, the world began from Chaos.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	myths	myth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Chaos	Chaos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the world |  |  | Greek myths |  | from Chaos | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I saw handsome furniture, many books, and a chaos of newspapers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chaos:x7:1
# text = I saw handsome furniture, many books, and a chaos of newspapers.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	handsome	handsome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	furniture	furniture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	chaos	chaos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | I | handsome furniture and many books |  |  |  | a chaos of newspapers *obl* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer furniture=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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