---
title: chapeau — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chapeau» in the school dictionary: "Chapeau" is the French word for "hat". It sounds like "sha-POH" to an English ear. It is not really an English word. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chapeau

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Chapeau, chapeau bleu, I, plural, She, magician · **What happens:** be, sound, not be, say, praise, do · **To what, where:** French word, English word, Chapeau, someone, sport, hat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«chapeau» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chapeau in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chapeau.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Chapeau" is the French word for "hat". It sounds like "sha-POH" to an English ear. It is not really an English word.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Chapeau" is the French word for "hat".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:m1:1
# text = "Chapeau" is the French word for "hat".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Chapeau	chapeau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chapeau | the French word |  |  |  | for hat | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It sounds like "sha-POH" to an English ear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:m1:2
# text = It sounds like "sha-POH" to an English ear.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	sha	sha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	POH	poh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | Chapeau |  |  |  |  | like sha POH; to a English ear | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to ear=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* It is not really an English word.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:m1:3
# text = It is not really an English word.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
4	really	really	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | Chapeau | a English word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, borrowed from French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Chapeau!" is said to praise someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:m2:1
# text = "Chapeau!" is said to praise someone.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Chapeau	chapeau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	praise	praise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | Chapeau |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **praise** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Hats off to you! Well done!" — used by some English speakers, especially in sport like cycling.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Hats off to you!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:m2e:1
# text = "Hats off to you!
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hats	hat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Well done!" — used by some English speakers, especially in sport like cycling.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:m2e:2
# text = Well done!" — used by some English speakers, especially in sport like cycling.
1	Well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
9	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	cycling	cycling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  | sport like cycling |  | by some English speakers | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Chapeau" means "hat" in French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:x1:1
# text = "Chapeau" means "hat" in French.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Chapeau	chapeau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Chapeau | hat |  |  |  | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot hat=Theme in french=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"J'ai un chapeau bleu" means "I have a blue hat".

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:x2:1
# text = "J'ai un chapeau bleu" means "I have a blue hat".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	J'ai	J'ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	un	un	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	chapeau	chapeau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | chapeau bleu |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | present | I | a blue hat |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hat=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plural in French is "chapeaux", with an x.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:x3:1
# text = The plural in French is "chapeaux", with an x.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plural	plural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	chapeaux	chapeaux	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the plural in French | chapeaux and a x |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She won the race all alone — chapeau!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:x4:1
# text = She won the race all alone — chapeau!
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	chapeau	chapeau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | She | the race |  |  |  | chapeau *obl*; alone *property* | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magician pulled a rabbit from his chapeau.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:x5:1
# text = The magician pulled a rabbit from his chapeau.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	chapeau	chapeau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | past | the magician | a rabbit |  | magician's chapeau |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent rabbit=Theme from chapeau=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In English we would say "hats off" instead of "chapeau".

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapeau:x6:1
# text = In English we would say "hats off" instead of "chapeau".
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	hats	hat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	chapeau	chapeau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | would | we | hats |  | English |  | of chapeau | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent hat=Theme in english=Manner |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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