---
title: chapped — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chapped» in the school dictionary: Chapped skin or lips are dry, rough, cracked and sore, usually because of cold wind or dry air. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chapped

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Chapped skin, you, hands, Licking, lips, icy wind · **What happens:** chap, be, crack, make, put, wear · **To what, where:** Chapped past form, skin crack, way, lips, lip balm, cold

<!-- .vabout -->
«chapped» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chapped in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chapped.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chapped skin or lips are dry, rough, cracked and sore, usually because of cold wind or dry air.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapped:m1:1
# text = Chapped skin or lips are dry, rough, cracked and sore, usually because of cold wind or dry air.
1	Chapped	chap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	cracked	crack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Chapped skin or lips |  |  |  |  | because cold wind or dry air; dry *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Chapped skin or lips *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **crack** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chapped is the past form of chap: to make skin crack in this way.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapped:m2:1
# text = Chapped is the past form of chap: to make skin crack in this way.
1	Chapped	chap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	chap	chap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the Chapped past form |  |  |  | of chap | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | skin crack |  | this way |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset crack=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My lips get chapped in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapped:x1:1
# text = My lips get chapped in winter.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	get	get	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	chapped	chap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chap** | present · passive |  | My lips |  |  | winter |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put on some lip balm for your chapped lips.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapped:x2:1
# text = Put on some lip balm for your chapped lips.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
4	lip	lip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	balm	balm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	chapped	chap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | some lip balm |  | for your chapped lips | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on balm=Destination |
| 2 | **chap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer's hands were red and chapped from the cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapped:x3:1
# text = The farmer's hands were red and chapped from the cold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	chapped	chap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the farmer's hands |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **chap** | participle | the farmer's hands *not said here* |  |  | the cold |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear gloves so your hands don't get chapped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapped:x4:1
# text = Wear gloves so your hands don't get chapped.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	gloves	glove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	get	get	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	chapped	chap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | gloves |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glove=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **chap** | present · passive · do-support |  | your hands |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Licking your lips makes them more chapped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapped:x5:1
# text = Licking your lips makes them more chapped.
1	Licking	lick	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	chapped	chap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lick** | gerund |  | your lips |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent lip=Source |
| 2 | **make** | present | Licking | lips *= lip* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **chap** | participle | lips *= lip* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The icy wind chapped our cheeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapped:x6:1
# text = The icy wind chapped our cheeks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	chapped	chap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chap** | past | the icy wind | our cheeks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her chapped knuckles stung when she washed her hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapped:x7:1
# text = Her chapped knuckles stung when she washed her hands.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	chapped	chap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stung	sting	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	washed	wash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sting** | past | Her chapped knuckles |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **wash** | past | she | her hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Yes, my little man,” Slightly anxiously replied, who had chapped knuckles.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chapped:x8:1
# text = “Yes, my little man,” Slightly anxiously replied, who had chapped knuckles.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	Slightly	slightly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	anxiously	anxiously	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	replied	reply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	chapped	chap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
16	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | participle |  | my little man *not said here* |  |  |  | anxiously, slightly *property* | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **chap** | past · perfect | my little man | knuckles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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