---
title: charisma — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «charisma» in the school dictionary: A special charm and confidence that makes people like, notice and follow someone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# charisma

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** special charm, people, Christians, Holy Spirit, new class captain, Good leaders · **What happens:** make, like, notice, follow, believe, give · **To what, where:** people, someone, spiritual gift, churches, lots, charisma

<!-- .vabout -->
«charisma» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [charisma in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/charisma.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A special charm and confidence that makes people like, notice and follow someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:charisma:m1:1
# text = A special charm and confidence that makes people like, notice and follow someone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	charm	charm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	notice	notice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a special charm and confidence | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **like** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **notice** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **follow** | infinitive | people *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some churches, a spiritual gift (charism) that Christians believe is given by the Holy Spirit.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:charisma:m2:1
# text = In some churches, a spiritual gift (charism) that Christians believe is given by the Holy Spirit.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	charism	charism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Holy	Holy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	_
19	Spirit	Spirit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **give** | present · passive | the Holy Spirit | a spiritual gift |  | some churches |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new class captain has lots of charisma.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:charisma:x1:1
# text = The new class captain has lots of charisma.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	charisma	charisma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the new class captain | lots of charisma |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good leaders often have charisma.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:charisma:x2:1
# text = Good leaders often have charisma.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	charisma	charisma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Good leaders | charisma |  |  |  | often *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charisma=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The singer's charisma filled the whole stadium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:charisma:x3:1
# text = The singer's charisma filled the whole stadium.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	charisma	charisma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	stadium	stadium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | the singer's charisma | the whole stadium |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent stadium=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was not handsome, but he had charisma.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:charisma:x4:1
# text = He was not handsome, but he had charisma.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	handsome	handsome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	charisma	charisma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | handsome *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | he | charisma |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charisma=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charisma helped her win the election.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:charisma:x5:1
# text = Charisma helped her win the election.
1	Charisma	Charisma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Charisma | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **win** | infinitive | her *= she* *not said here* | the election |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people mistake charisma for being kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:charisma:x6:1
# text = Some people mistake charisma for being kind.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mistake	mistake	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	charisma	charisma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mistake** | present | some people | charisma |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | some people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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