---
title: chase — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chase» in the school dictionary: To chase is to run after someone or something to catch it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chase

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** chase, act, dog, fox, cat, he · **What happens:** chase, be, catch, chase away, go away, run · **To what, where:** it, act, dream, cat, 3 rabbits, 5 m

<!-- .vabout -->
«chase» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chase in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chase.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chase is to run after someone or something to catch it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:m1:1
# text = To chase is to run after someone or something to catch it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chase	chase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | after someone | run *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **catch** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chase away is to make someone go away by running after them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:m2:1
# text = To chase away is to make someone go away by running after them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chase	chase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
12	after	after	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase away** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **go away** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  | after them *= they* |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chase is the act of running after someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:m3:1
# text = A chase is the act of running after someone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chase	chase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chase | the act |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  | after someone |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chase a dream is to try hard to get it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:m4:1
# text = To chase a dream is to try hard to get it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chase	chase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | to-infinitive |  | a dream |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dream=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard, try *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | dream |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dog chases a cat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:x1:1
# text = A dog chases a cat.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chases	chase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | present | a dog | a cat |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox chases 3 rabbits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:x2:1
# text = The fox chases 3 rabbits.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chases	chase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | present | the fox | 3 rabbits |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rabbit=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat runs 5 m a second and the dog chases at 7.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:x3:1
# text = The cat runs 5 m a second and the dog chases at 7.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	m	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	chases	chase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | the cat | 5 m |  |  | second |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme m=Trajectory |
| 2 | **chase** | present | the dog |  |  | 7 |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent at 7=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How long until he catches up?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:x4:1
# text = How long until he catches up?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
3	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	catches	catch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch up** | present | he |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We played chase in the playground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:x5:1
# text = We played chase in the playground.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chase	chase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | We | chase |  | the playground |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chase=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer chased the crows away from the corn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:x6:1
# text = The farmer chased the crows away from the corn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chased	chase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crows	crow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase away** | past | the farmer | the crows |  | the corn |  | away *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent crow=Theme from corn=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cheetah can chase its prey at great speed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:x7:1
# text = A cheetah can chase its prey at great speed.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cheetah	cheetah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	chase	chase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | can | a cheetah | cheetah's prey |  | great speed |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent prey=Theme at speed=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film ends with a long car chase.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:x8:1
# text = The film ends with a long car chase.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	chase	chase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | the film |  |  |  |  | with a long car chase | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector with chase=Subeventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is chasing her dream of becoming a dancer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:x9:1
# text = She is chasing her dream of becoming a dancer.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	chasing	chase	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dancer	dancer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | present · progressive | She | her dream |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dream=Theme |
| 2 | **become** | gerund | her dream *not said here* | a dancer |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient dancer=Result |
| 3 | **dream** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was his sister chasing him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chase:x10:1
# text = There was his sister chasing him.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	chasing	chase	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | his sister |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **chase** | gerund | his sister *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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