---
title: chat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chat» in the school dictionary: To chat means to talk in a friendly, relaxed way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** chat, We, Mum, Grandma, you, someone · **What happens:** chat, mean, talk, be, have, love · **To what, where:** friendly relaxed way, friendly informal talk, writing messages, lunchtime, long chat, chat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«chat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chat means to talk in a friendly, relaxed way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:m1:1
# text = To chat means to talk in a friendly, relaxed way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chat	chat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	relaxed	relaxed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chat** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **talk** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a friendly relaxed way |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chat is a friendly, informal talk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:m2:1
# text = A chat is a friendly, informal talk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chat | a friendly informal talk |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chat is also writing messages to each other online, in an app or game, in real time.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:m3:1
# text = A chat is also writing messages to each other online, in an app or game, in real time.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	appos	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	fixed	_	_
10	online	online	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chat | writing messages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We chatted about our holidays at lunchtime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:x1:1
# text = We chatted about our holidays at lunchtime.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chatted	chat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lunchtime	lunchtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chat** *speech: other* | past | We |  |  | lunchtime |  | about our holidays | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about holiday=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum and I had a long chat before bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:x2:1
# text = Mum and I had a long chat before bed.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	conj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Mum | a long chat |  |  | before bed |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chat=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma loves a chat on the phone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:x3:1
# text = Grandma loves a chat on the phone.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | Grandma | a chat |  | the phone |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chat=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only chat online with people you know in real life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:x4:1
# text = Only chat online with people you know in real life.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	chat	chat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	online	online	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chat** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with people; online *property* | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with people=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **know** | present | you | people *not said here* |  | real life |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If someone in the game chat is mean, block them and tell an adult.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:x5:1
# text = If someone in the game chat is mean, block them and tell an adult.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	block	block	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone |  |  |  |  | mean *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **block** | imperative | you *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer they=Theme |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop chatting and start your work, please.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:x6:1
# text = Stop chatting and start your work, please.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	chatting	chat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	1	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **chat** *speech: other* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **start** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your work |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |
| 4 | **work** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class has a group chat for homework help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:x7:1
# text = Our class has a group chat for homework help.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our class |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **help** | present | a group chat for homework |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher wants a quick chat with your dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:x8:1
# text = The teacher wants a quick chat with your dad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | the teacher | a quick chat |  |  |  | with your dad | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot chat=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sat down for a bit and chatted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chat:x9:1
# text = They sat down for a bit and chatted.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	chatted	chat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit down** | past | They |  |  |  |  | for a bit | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **chat** *speech: other* | participle | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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