---
title: cheap — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cheap» in the school dictionary: Cheap means it costs only a little money. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cheap

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cheap, low quality, cheap toy, pen, toy, Apples · **What happens:** mean, cost, make, break, be, buy · **To what, where:** little money, low quality, cheap toy, 1 dollar, red bag, big pack · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cheap» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cheap in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cheap.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheap means it costs only a little money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:m1:1
# text = Cheap means it costs only a little money.
1	Cheap	cheap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Cheap |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cost** | present | Cheap | a little money |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme money=Value |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheap can mean low quality, badly made: «a cheap toy that broke».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:m2:1
# text = Cheap can mean low quality, badly made: «a cheap toy that broke».
1	Cheap	cheap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Cheap | low quality |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quality=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle | low quality *not said here* | a cheap toy |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **break** *in a quote* | past | a cheap toy |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheap can mean not kind or not fair: «a cheap trick».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:m3:1
# text = Cheap can mean not kind or not fair: «a cheap trick».
1	Cheap	cheap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Cheap |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pen is 2 dollars cheaper than the book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:x1:1
# text = The pen is 2 dollars cheaper than the book.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the pen |  |  |  |  | than the book; 2 dollars *obl:unmarked*; cheap *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which toy is the cheapest?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:x2:1
# text = Which toy is the cheapest?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cheapest	cheap	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | which toy |  |  |  |  | cheap *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apples are cheap this week at 1 dollar a kilo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:x3:1
# text = Apples are cheap this week at 1 dollar a kilo.
1	Apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	dollar	dollar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	kilo	kilo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Apples |  |  | 1 dollar  a kilo | week | cheap *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How much cheaper is the red bag?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:x4:1
# text = How much cheaper is the red bag?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
3	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | cheaper | the red bag |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buying a big pack is often cheaper per item.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:x5:1
# text = Buying a big pack is often cheaper per item.
1	Buying	buy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
8	per	per	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | gerund |  | a big pack |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pack=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Buying |  |  |  |  | per item; cheap, often *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cheap umbrella broke in the wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:x6:1
# text = The cheap umbrella broke in the wind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | the cheap umbrella |  |  | the wind |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tickets are cheaper for children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:x7:1
# text = Tickets are cheaper for children.
1	Tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Tickets |  |  |  |  | for children; cheap *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That was a cheap trick to win the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:x8:1
# text = That was a cheap trick to win the game.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | That | a cheap trick |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **win** | to-infinitive |  | the game |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Early apples, ladies; early pears and apricots, and all cheap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheap:x9:1
# text = Early apples, ladies; early pears and apricots, and all cheap.
1	Early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pears	pear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	apricots	apricot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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