---
title: cheaply — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cheaply» in the school dictionary: Cheaply means for a low price, without spending much money. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cheaply

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, You, shop, I, Holberg · **What happens:** mean, spend, make, buy, travel, break · **To what, where:** much money, quality way, books, school fair, toy, apples · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cheaply» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cheaply in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cheaply.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheaply means for a low price, without spending much money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:m1:1
# text = Cheaply means for a low price, without spending much money.
1	Cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	spending	spend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
10	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for a low price; cheaply *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot for price=Attribute |
| 2 | **spend** | gerund |  | much money |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheaply also means in a poor-quality way, made without care: «cheaply made toys».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:m2:1
# text = Cheaply also means in a poor-quality way, made without care: «cheaply made toys».
1	Cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	quality	quality	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | a quality way |  | cheaply *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a quality way *not said here* |  |  |  | without care | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **make** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | cheaply *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We bought the books cheaply at the school fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:x1:1
# text = We bought the books cheaply at the school fair.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | We | the books |  | the school fair |  | cheaply *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent book=Theme at fair=Asset |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can travel cheaply by bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:x2:1
# text = You can travel cheaply by bus.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | can | You |  |  |  |  | by bus; cheaply *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by bus=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This toy was cheaply made and broke on the first day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:x3:1
# text = This toy was cheaply made and broke on the first day.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | this toy |  |  |  | cheaply *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **break** | past |  |  |  |  | day |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which shop sells apples most cheaply?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:x4:1
# text = Which shop sells apples most cheaply?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | which shop | apples |  |  |  | cheaply *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ate cheaply at a picnic instead of a café.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:x5:1
# text = We ate cheaply at a picnic instead of a café.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	café	café	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | We |  |  | a picnic |  | instead a café; cheaply *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Second-hand clothes can be bought cheaply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:x6:1
# text = Second-hand clothes can be bought cheaply.
1	Second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	bought	buy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | can · passive |  | hand clothes |  |  |  | cheaply *property* | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is not always wise to buy things too cheaply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:x7:1
# text = It is not always wise to buy things too cheaply.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	expl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
8	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	too	too	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | always, wise *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **buy** | to-infinitive |  | things |  |  |  | cheaply *property* | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grow your own herbs to get them cheaply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:x8:1
# text = Grow your own herbs to get them cheaply.
1	Grow	grow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	herbs	herb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | imperative | you *not said here* | your own herbs |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location herb=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | herbs *= herb* |  |  |  | cheaply *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Do you know any one here with whom I could lodge cheaply?" Holberg asked the captain.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Do you know any one here with whom I could lodge cheaply?"

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:x9:1
# text = "Do you know any one here with whom I could lodge cheaply?"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	lodge	lodge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
13	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** *in a quote* | present · do-support | you | any one |  | here |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |
| 2 | **lodge** *in a quote* | could | I |  |  |  |  | cheaply *property* | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme whom=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Holberg asked the captain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheaply:x9:2
# text = Holberg asked the captain.
1	Holberg	Holberg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Holberg | the captain |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent captain=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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