---
title: cheat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cheat» in the school dictionary: To cheat means to break the rules to win or get an advantage, or to do something dishonest. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cheat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cheat, person, It, He, Nobody, shopkeeper · **What happens:** cheat, mean, break, win, get, do · **To what, where:** rules, advantage, something, someone, them, money · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cheat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cheat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cheat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cheat means to break the rules to win or get an advantage, or to do something dishonest.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:m1:1
# text = To cheat means to break the rules to win or get an advantage, or to do something dishonest.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cheat	cheat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	advantage	advantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
18	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	obj	_	_
19	dishonest	dishonest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **break** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient |
| 4 | **win** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **get** | infinitive |  | a advantage |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer advantage=Stimulus |
| 6 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cheat someone means to trick them, often to get their money or things.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:m2:1
# text = To cheat someone means to trick them, often to get their money or things.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cheat	cheat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	trick	trick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheat** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Source |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **trick** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 4 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | their money or things |  |  |  | often *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer money=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cheat is a person who cheats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:m3:1
# text = A cheat is a person who cheats.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cheat	cheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	cheats	cheat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cheat | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cheat** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's wrong to cheat in a test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:x1:1
# text = It's wrong to cheat in a test.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cheat	cheat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cheat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a test |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He cheated by peeking at the cards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:x2:1
# text = He cheated by peeking at the cards.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cheated	cheat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	peeking	peek	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheat** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **peek** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the cards | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at card=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody wants to play with a cheat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:x3:1
# text = Nobody wants to play with a cheat.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cheat	cheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | Nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **play** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Nobody *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a cheat | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with cheat=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shopkeeper cheated them out of their change.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:x4:1
# text = The shopkeeper cheated them out of their change.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shopkeeper	shopkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cheated	cheat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheat** | past | the shopkeeper | them *= they* |  | their change |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Source |
| 2 | **change** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom change «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you cheat, you only cheat yourself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:x5:1
# text = If you cheat, you only cheat yourself.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cheat	cheat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cheat	cheat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheat** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cheat** | present | you | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was caught cheating in the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:x6:1
# text = She was caught cheating in the race.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	cheating	cheat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **cheat** | gerund |  |  |  | the race |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheating spoils the game for everyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:x7:1
# text = Cheating spoils the game for everyone.
1	Cheating	cheating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoils	spoil	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoil** | present | Cheating | the game |  |  |  | for everyone | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"You would not cheat the poor man, would you?"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheat:x8:1
# text = "You would not cheat the poor man, would you?"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	cheat	cheat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **cheat** *in a quote* | would | You | the poor man |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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