---
title: cheater — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cheater» in the school dictionary: A cheater is a person who cheats: who breaks the rules secretly to win or to get something they should not have. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cheater/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / cheater

# cheater

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cheater, person, rules, Nobody, he, Cheaters · **What happens:** be, cheat, break, win, get, not have · **To what, where:** person, rules, something, someone, cards, cheater · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cheater» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cheater in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cheater.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cheater is a person who cheats: who breaks the rules secretly to win or to get something they should not have.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheater:m1:1
# text = A cheater is a person who cheats: who breaks the rules secretly to win or to get something they should not have.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cheater	cheater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	cheats	cheat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
19	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	obj	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
21	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cheater | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cheat** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **break** | present | a person | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient |
| 4 | **win** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | secretly *property* | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **get** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 6 | **not** **have** | should | rules *= rule* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cheater is also someone who is not faithful or honest with a partner or friend.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheater:m2:1
# text = A cheater is also someone who is not faithful or honest with a partner or friend.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cheater	cheater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	partner	partner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cheater | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with a partner or friend; faithful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody wanted to play cards with him because he was a cheater.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheater:x1:1
# text = Nobody wanted to play cards with him because he was a cheater.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cheater	cheater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | past | Nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **play** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Nobody *not said here* | cards |  |  |  | with him *= he* | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent card=Theme with he=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past | he | a cheater |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cheater was sent off the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheater:x2:1
# text = The cheater was sent off the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cheater	cheater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send off** | past · passive |  | the cheater |  |  |  | off the field | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination field=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Cheaters never win,» said the coach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheater:x3:1
# text = «Cheaters never win,» said the coach.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Cheaters	cheater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	win	win	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **win** *in a quote* | present | Cheaters |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the coach |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was called a cheater after she looked at her neighbour's test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheater:x4:1
# text = She was called a cheater after she looked at her neighbour's test.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cheater	cheater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **look** | past | she |  |  |  |  | at her neighbour's test | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at test=Theme |
| 3 | **test** |  | her neighbour |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be a cheater, wait your turn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheater:x5:1
# text = Don't be a cheater, wait your turn.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cheater	cheater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	wait	wait	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | infinitive |  | a cheater |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **wait** | infinitive |  | your turn |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game kicked out the cheater who used a hack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheater:x6:1
# text = The game kicked out the cheater who used a hack.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	kicked	kick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cheater	cheater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hack	hack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kick out** | participle | the game *not said here* | the cheater |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | past | the cheater | a hack |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hack=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the cheater lost the race in the end.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheater:x7:1
# text = In the story, the cheater lost the race in the end.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cheater	cheater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | the cheater | the race |  | the story | in the end |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [cheat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cheat/)
- next →: [cheating](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cheating/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)