---
title: cheer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cheer» in the school dictionary: To cheer is to shout loudly to show you are pleased or to encourage someone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cheer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, cheer, crowd, we, 's, I · **What happens:** cheer, be, show, encourage, cheer up, feel · **To what, where:** someone, shout, happiness, 's, three cheers, team · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cheer» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cheer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cheer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cheer is to shout loudly to show you are pleased or to encourage someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:m1:1
# text = To cheer is to shout loudly to show you are pleased or to encourage someone.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cheer	cheer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	shout	shout	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
15	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **be** *speech: express* | present |  |  |  |  |  | loudly, shout *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | pleased *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **encourage** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cheer is a shout of happiness, praise or support.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:m2:1
# text = A cheer is a shout of happiness, praise or support.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cheer	cheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	happiness	happiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cheer | a shout and praise or support |  |  |  | of happiness | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cheer someone up is to make them feel happier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:m3:1
# text = To cheer someone up is to make them feel happier.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cheer	cheer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	happier	happy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer up** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cheer up is to start feeling happier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:m4:1
# text = To cheer up is to start feeling happier.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cheer	cheer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	happier	happy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | start *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheer (uncountable) is happiness and good spirits, as in Christmas cheer.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:m5:1
# text = Cheer (uncountable) is happiness and good spirits, as in Christmas cheer.
1	Cheer	cheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	uncountable	uncountable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	happiness	happiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	cheer	cheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cheer | happiness and good spirits and Christmas cheer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd cheered when we scored.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:x1:1
# text = The crowd cheered when we scored.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cheered	cheer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer** | past | the crowd |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **score** | past | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let's give three cheers for the birthday girl!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:x2:1
# text = Let's give three cheers for the birthday girl!
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cheers	cheer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | infinitive | 's *not said here* | three cheers |  |  |  | for the birthday girl | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent cheer=Theme for girl=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We cheered on our team from the side of the pitch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:x3:1
# text = We cheered on our team from the side of the pitch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cheered	cheer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer** | past | We |  |  | our team |  | from the side of the pitch | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I drew a card to cheer up my sick friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:x4:1
# text = I drew a card to cheer up my sick friend.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cheer	cheer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | I | a card |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme |
| 2 | **cheer up** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | my sick friend |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent friend=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheer up! It's not that bad.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Cheer up!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:x5:1
# text = Cheer up!
1	Cheer	cheer	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer up** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It's not that bad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:x5:2
# text = It's not that bad.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	that	that	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | bad, that *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A loud cheer went up from the audience.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:x6:1
# text = A loud cheer went up from the audience.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cheer	cheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | a loud cheer |  |  | the audience |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lights filled the street with Christmas cheer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:x7:1
# text = The lights filled the street with Christmas cheer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cheer	cheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | the lights | the street |  |  |  | with Christmas cheer | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent street=Patient with cheer=Instrument |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Cheers for the help," said my uncle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheer:x8:1
# text = "Cheers for the help," said my uncle.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Cheers	cheer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Cheers for the help | my uncle |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent uncle=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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