---
title: cheerless — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cheerless» in the school dictionary: Cheerless means gloomy, dull and without anything to make you happy or comfortable. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cheerless

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cheerless, It, prison cell, empty house, They, Wild Wood · **What happens:** mean, make, be, feel, eat, believe · **To what, where:** you, cold cheerless day, cheerless supper, snow, cheerless room, Homeric age

<!-- .vabout -->
«cheerless» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cheerless in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cheerless.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheerless means gloomy, dull and without anything to make you happy or comfortable.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheerless:m1:1
# text = Cheerless means gloomy, dull and without anything to make you happy or comfortable.
1	Cheerless	cheerless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Cheerless |  |  |  |  | gloomy *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Cheerless *not said here* | you |  |  |  | happy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a cold, cheerless day in November.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheerless:x1:1
# text = It was a cold, cheerless day in November.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	cheerless	cheerless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	November	November	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a cold cheerless day |  |  | november |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prison cell was dark and cheerless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheerless:x2:1
# text = The prison cell was dark and cheerless.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cheerless	cheerless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the prison cell |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the prison cell *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The empty house felt cheerless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheerless:x3:1
# text = The empty house felt cheerless.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	cheerless	cheerless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the empty house |  |  |  |  | cheerless *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They ate a cheerless supper of dry bread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheerless:x4:1
# text = They ate a cheerless supper of dry bread.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	cheerless	cheerless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	supper	supper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | They | a cheerless supper of dry bread |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent supper=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Wild Wood was cheerless in the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheerless:x5:1
# text = The Wild Wood was cheerless in the snow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Wild	Wild	PROPN	NNP	_	3	flat	_	_
3	Wood	Wood	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	cheerless	cheerless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Wild Wood |  |  | the snow |  | cheerless *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fire made the cheerless room warm again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheerless:x6:1
# text = A fire made the cheerless room warm again.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cheerless	cheerless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | a fire | the cheerless room |  |  | again | warm *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset room=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The belief of the people with regard to a future state was, in the Homeric age, a sad and cheerless one.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cheerless:x7:1
# text = The belief of the people with regard to a future state was, in the Homeric age, a sad and cheerless one.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	belief	belief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	regard	regard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	future	future	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Homeric	Homeric	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
20	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	cheerless	cheerless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the belief of the people with regard to a future state |  |  |  | in the Homeric age and a sad one |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **believe** |  |  | the people with regard to a future state |  |  |  |  | nom belief «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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