---
title: chef — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chef» in the school dictionary: A chef is a person whose job is to cook, often the main cook in a restaurant or hotel. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chef

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** chef, job, head chef, restaurant, uncle, She · **What happens:** be, lead, make, cook, have, use · **To what, where:** person, other cooks, kitchen, 30 pizzas, 12 meals, 4 chefs

<!-- .vabout -->
«chef» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chef in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chef.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chef is a person whose job is to cook, often the main cook in a restaurant or hotel.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chef:m1:1
# text = A chef is a person whose job is to cook, often the main cook in a restaurant or hotel.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	cook	cook	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	cook	cook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	restaurant	restaurant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	hotel	hotel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chef | a person and the main cook in a restaurant or hotel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | job |  |  |  |  | cook *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A head chef leads the other cooks in a kitchen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chef:m2:1
# text = A head chef leads the other cooks in a kitchen.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	leads	lead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cooks	cook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present | a head chef | the other cooks |  | a kitchen |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cook=Theme in kitchen=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chef makes 30 pizzas an hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chef:x1:1
# text = The chef makes 30 pizzas an hour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pizzas	pizza	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the chef | 30 pizzas  a hour |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pizza=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each chef cooks 12 meals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chef:x2:1
# text = Each chef cooks 12 meals.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cooks	cook	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	meals	meal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | present | each chef | 12 meals |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent meal=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The restaurant has 4 chefs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chef:x3:1
# text = The restaurant has 4 chefs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	restaurant	restaurant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	chefs	chef	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the restaurant | 4 chefs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chef=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chef used 5 eggs in each cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chef:x4:1
# text = The chef used 5 eggs in each cake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the chef | 5 eggs |  | each cake |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chef wears a tall white hat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chef:x5:1
# text = The chef wears a tall white hat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | the chef | a tall white hat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle is a chef in a hotel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chef:x6:1
# text = My uncle is a chef in a hotel.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hotel	hotel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My uncle | a chef |  | a hotel |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head chef tasted the soup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chef:x7:1
# text = The head chef tasted the soup.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tasted	taste	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | past | the head chef | the soup |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme soup=Attribute |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wants to be a chef when she grows up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chef:x8:1
# text = She wants to be a chef when she grows up.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | a chef |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow up** | present | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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