---
title: chemistry — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chemistry» in the school dictionary: Chemistry is the science of substances: what they are made of, how they behave and how they change into new substances. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chemistry

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Chemistry, substances, people, iron, We, cousin · **What happens:** be, make, behave, change, act, get on · **To what, where:** science, new substances, way, feeling, chemistry experiment, chemistry set · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«chemistry» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chemistry in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chemistry.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chemistry is the science of substances: what they are made of, how they behave and how they change into new substances.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemistry:m1:1
# text = Chemistry is the science of substances: what they are made of, how they behave and how they change into new substances.
1	Chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	behave	behave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chemistry | the science |  |  |  | of substances | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present · passive |  | the science |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **behave** | present | substances *= substance* |  |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **change** | present | substances *= substance* |  |  |  |  | into new substances *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into substance=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chemistry of something is the way its substances act together (the chemistry of the soil).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemistry:m2:1
# text = The chemistry of something is the way its substances act together (the chemistry of the soil).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	act	act	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the chemistry of something | the way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **act** | present | chemistry's substances | the way *not said here* |  |  |  | together *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chemistry between people is the feeling that they get on very well together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemistry:m3:1
# text = Chemistry between people is the feeling that they get on very well together.
1	Chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	between	between	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
13	together	together	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chemistry between people | the feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **get on** | present | people |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chemistry explains why iron goes rusty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemistry:x1:1
# text = Chemistry explains why iron goes rusty.
1	Chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	rusty	rusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | Chemistry |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | present | iron |  |  |  |  | rusty *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did a chemistry experiment with vinegar and baking soda.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemistry:x2:1
# text = We did a chemistry experiment with vinegar and baking soda.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	baking	baking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	soda	soda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We | a chemistry experiment |  |  |  | with vinegar and baking soda | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experiment=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin got a chemistry set for his birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemistry:x3:1
# text = My cousin got a chemistry set for his birthday.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | My cousin | a chemistry set |  |  |  | for cousin's birthday | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent set=Theme for birthday=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always wear goggles in the chemistry lab.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemistry:x4:1
# text = Always wear goggles in the chemistry lab.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	goggles	goggle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	lab	lab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | goggles |  | the chemistry lab |  | always *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent goggle=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two players have great chemistry on the pitch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemistry:x5:1
# text = The two players have great chemistry on the pitch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the two players | great chemistry |  | the pitch |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemistry=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cooking is a kind of everyday chemistry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemistry:x6:1
# text = Cooking is a kind of everyday chemistry.
1	Cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	everyday	everyday	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cooking | a kind |  |  |  | of everyday chemistry | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She likes chemistry more than biology.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemistry:x7:1
# text = She likes chemistry more than biology.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	biology	biology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | She | chemistry |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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