---
title: chemotherapy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chemotherapy» in the school dictionary: Chemotherapy is a treatment for cancer that uses strong medicines to kill the sick cells. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chemotherapy/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / chemotherapy

# chemotherapy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Chemotherapy, treatment, It, Grandma, hair, nurse · **What happens:** be, use, kill, make, lose, have · **To what, where:** treatment, strong medicines, sick cells, people, hair, chemotherapy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«chemotherapy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chemotherapy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chemotherapy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chemotherapy is a treatment for cancer that uses strong medicines to kill the sick cells.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemotherapy:m1:1
# text = Chemotherapy is a treatment for cancer that uses strong medicines to kill the sick cells.
1	Chemotherapy	chemotherapy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cancer	cancer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chemotherapy | a treatment |  |  |  | for cancer | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | a treatment | strong medicines |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Patient |
| 3 | **kill** | to-infinitive | a treatment *not said here* | the sick cells |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It can make people tired and sometimes lose their hair for a while.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemotherapy:m2:1
# text = It can make people tired and sometimes lose their hair for a while.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	8	advmod	_	_
8	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | It | people |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material people=Product |
| 2 | **lose** | present |  | people's hair |  |  | while | sometimes *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma is having chemotherapy for her cancer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemotherapy:x1:1
# text = Grandma is having chemotherapy for her cancer.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	chemotherapy	chemotherapy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	cancer	cancer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · progressive | Grandma | chemotherapy |  |  |  | for Grandma's cancer | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemotherapy=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chemotherapy made Mr Hall very tired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemotherapy:x2:1
# text = Chemotherapy made Mr Hall very tired.
1	Chemotherapy	chemotherapy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Hall	Hall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Chemotherapy | Mr Hall |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hall=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His hair grew back after chemo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemotherapy:x3:1
# text = His hair grew back after chemo.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	chemo	chemo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow back** | past | His hair |  |  |  | after chemo |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse explained how chemotherapy works.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemotherapy:x4:1
# text = The nurse explained how chemotherapy works.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	chemotherapy	chemotherapy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past | the nurse |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **work** | present | chemotherapy |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class made cards for a teacher during her chemo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemotherapy:x5:1
# text = Our class made cards for a teacher during her chemo.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	chemo	chemo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Our class | cards |  |  | during class's chemo | for a teacher | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent card=Product for teacher=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people have chemotherapy in hospital, some at a clinic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chemotherapy:x6:1
# text = Some people have chemotherapy in hospital, some at a clinic.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	chemotherapy	chemotherapy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	conj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	clinic	clinic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some people | chemotherapy |  | hospital |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemotherapy=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chemistry/)
- next →: [cheque](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cheque/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)