---
title: chicago — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chicago» in the school dictionary: Chicago is a big city in the United States, in the state of Illinois, on the shore of Lake Michigan. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chicago

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Chicago, It, train, 300 people, bus, We · **What happens:** be, go, fly, leave, see · **To what, where:** big city, United States, largest city, USA, Chicago, 20 degrees

<!-- .vabout -->
«chicago» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chicago in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chicago.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chicago is a big city in the United States, in the state of Illinois, on the shore of Lake Michigan.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chicago:m1:1
# text = Chicago is a big city in the United States, in the state of Illinois, on the shore of Lake Michigan.
1	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Illinois	illinois	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	Michigan	Michigan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chicago | a big city and the state of Illinois and the shore of Lake |  | the United States |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is the third-largest city in the USA.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chicago:m2:1
# text = It is the third-largest city in the USA.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | the largest city |  | the USA |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The train goes from Chicago to Detroit, 280 miles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chicago:x1:1
# text = The train goes from Chicago to Detroit, 280 miles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Detroit	Detroit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	280	280	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the train |  |  | Chicago to Detroit and 280 miles |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme from chicago=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
300 people flew to Chicago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chicago:x2:1
# text = 300 people flew to Chicago.
1	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | 300 people |  | Chicago |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to chicago=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is 20 degrees in Chicago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chicago:x3:1
# text = It is 20 degrees in Chicago.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | 20 degrees |  | Chicago |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus to Chicago leaves at 9:00.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chicago:x4:1
# text = The bus to Chicago leaves at 9:00.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	9:00	9:00	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present | the bus to Chicago |  |  | 9:00 |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent at 9:00=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chicago is next to Lake Michigan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chicago:x5:1
# text = Chicago is next to Lake Michigan.
1	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	next	next	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Michigan	Michigan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Chicago |  |  |  |  | to Lake Michigan; next *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chicago is often windy in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chicago:x6:1
# text = Chicago is often windy in winter.
1	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	windy	windy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Chicago |  |  |  | winter | often, windy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw tall buildings in Chicago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chicago:x7:1
# text = We saw tall buildings in Chicago.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | tall buildings |  | Chicago |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer building=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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