---
title: chirrup — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chirrup» in the school dictionary: To chirrup is to make a series of short, high sounds, like a bird or an insect; to chirp. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chirrup

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** chirrup, person, they, We, crickets, she · **What happens:** be, chirp, chirrup, talk, hear, crumble · **To what, where:** bright cheerful high voice, sound, sparrows, hedge, chirrup, baby bird

<!-- .vabout -->
«chirrup» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chirrup in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chirrup.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chirrup is to make a series of short, high sounds, like a bird or an insect; to chirp.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chirrup:m1:1
# text = To chirrup is to make a series of short, high sounds, like a bird or an insect; to chirp.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chirrup	chirrup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	chirp	chirp	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | chirrup |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **chirp** | to-infinitive | chirrup *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person chirrups when they talk in a bright, cheerful, high voice.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chirrup:m2:1
# text = A person chirrups when they talk in a bright, cheerful, high voice.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chirrups	chirrup	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	talk	talk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
9	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chirrup** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **talk** | present | they |  |  | a bright cheerful high voice |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chirrup is such a sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chirrup:m3:1
# text = A chirrup is such a sound.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chirrup	chirrup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	6	det:predet	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chirrup | such sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sparrows chirruped in the hedge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chirrup:x1:1
# text = The sparrows chirruped in the hedge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	chirruped	chirrup	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chirrup** | participle |  | the sparrows *not said here* |  | the hedge |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard the chirrup of crickets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chirrup:x2:1
# text = We heard the chirrup of crickets.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	chirrup	chirrup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	crickets	cricket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | the chirrup of crickets |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer chirrup=Stimulus |
| 2 | **chirrup** |  | crickets |  |  |  |  |  | nom chirrup «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Good morning!» she chirruped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chirrup:x3:1
# text = «Good morning!» she chirruped.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	chirruped	chirrup	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chirrup** | past | she |  |  |  | morning |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby bird chirruped for food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chirrup:x4:1
# text = The baby bird chirruped for food.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	chirruped	chirrup	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chirrup** | participle |  | the baby bird *not said here* |  |  |  | for food | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grasshoppers chirruped in the long grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chirrup:x5:1
# text = The grasshoppers chirruped in the long grass.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grasshoppers	grasshopper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chirruped	chirrup	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chirrup** | past | the grasshoppers |  |  | the long grass |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A robin chirruped on the fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chirrup:x6:1
# text = A robin chirruped on the fence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	robin	robin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	chirruped	chirrup	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chirrup** | participle |  | a robin *not said here* |  | the fence |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the twins crumbled their bread on the ground, and the wrens pecked it, and chirruped and chirped.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chirrup:x7:1
# text = Then the twins crumbled their bread on the ground, and the wrens pecked it, and chirruped and chirped.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	twins	twin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	crumbled	crumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wrens	wren	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	pecked	peck	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	chirruped	chirrup	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	chirped	chirp	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumble** | past | the twins | twins's bread |  | the ground | then |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient |
| 2 | **peck** | past | the wrens | bread |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **chirrup** | participle | the wrens *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **chirp** | participle | the wrens *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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