---
title: chisel — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chisel» in the school dictionary: A tool with a flat, sharp metal end, used with a hammer or mallet to cut or shape wood, stone or metal. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chisel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, his, Chiselled, carpenter, Michelangelo, you · **What happens:** use, cut, shape, carve, chisell, name · **To what, where:** tool, wood, name, stone, face, someone

<!-- .vabout -->
«chisel» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chisel in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chisel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tool with a flat, sharp metal end, used with a hammer or mallet to cut or shape wood, stone or metal.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:m1:1
# text = A tool with a flat, sharp metal end, used with a hammer or mallet to cut or shape wood, stone or metal.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	mallet	mallet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	acl	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	shape	shape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
21	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a tool with a flat sharp metal end *not said here* |  |  |  | with a hammer or mallet | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cut** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **shape** | infinitive |  | wood and stone or metal |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wood=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cut or carve with a chisel: «He chiselled his name into the stone.».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:m2:1
# text = To cut or carve with a chisel: «He chiselled his name into the stone.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	carve	carve	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	chisel	chisel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	chiselled	chisell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **carve** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with a chisel | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **chisell** *in a quote* | past | He | his name |  | the stone |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **name** *in a quote* |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective form — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Chiselled» features means a face with sharp, clear lines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:m3:1
# text = «Chiselled» features means a face with sharp, clear lines.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Chiselled	Chiselled	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	features	feature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Chiselled and features | a face |  |  |  | with sharp clear lines | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old slang, US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cheat someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:m4:1
# text = To cheat someone.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cheat	cheat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheat** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Source |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The carpenter used a chisel to make a groove.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:x1:1
# text = The carpenter used a chisel to make a groove.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carpenter	carpenter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chisel	chisel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	groove	groove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the carpenter | a chisel |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chisel=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | the carpenter *not said here* | a groove |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset groove=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Michelangelo carved marble with a chisel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:x2:1
# text = Michelangelo carved marble with a chisel.
1	Michelangelo	Michelangelo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carved	carve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	marble	marble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chisel	chisel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | past | Michelangelo | marble |  |  |  | with a chisel | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent marble=Patient with chisel=Instrument |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always cut away from your body with a chisel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:x3:1
# text = Always cut away from your body with a chisel.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	chisel	chisel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut away** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your body |  | with a chisel; always, away *property* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source PP.instrument»: agent=Agent from body=Source with chisel=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They chiselled the names into the war memorial.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:x4:1
# text = They chiselled the names into the war memorial.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chiselled	chisell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	memorial	memorial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chisell** | past | They | the names |  | the war memorial |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stonemason tapped the chisel with a mallet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:x5:1
# text = The stonemason tapped the chisel with a mallet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stonemason	stonemason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tapped	tap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chisel	chisel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mallet	mallet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tap** | past | the stonemason | the chisel |  |  |  | with a mallet | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent chisel=Patient with mallet=Instrument |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hero had a chiselled jaw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:x6:1
# text = The hero had a chiselled jaw.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chiselled	chisell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the hero | a chiselled jaw |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaw=Patient |
| 2 | **chisell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sometimes he would make a little statue of soft clay; sometimes he would take hammer and chisel, and try to cut a statue from a piece of rock.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chisel:x7:1
# text = Sometimes he would make a little statue of soft clay; sometimes he would take hammer and chisel, and try to cut a statue from a piece of rock.
1	Sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	15	advmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
16	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	chisel	chisel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | would | he | a little statue of soft clay |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statue=Product |
| 2 | **take** | would | he | hammer and chisel |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hammer=Theme |
| 3 | **try** | infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **cut** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | a statue |  | a piece of rock |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset statue=Product from piece=Material |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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