---
title: chloroplast — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chloroplast» in the school dictionary: A tiny green part inside plant cells where photosynthesis happens: it uses sunlight to make food (sugar) from water and carbon dioxide, giving off oxygen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chloroplast

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** photosynthesis, Chloroplasts, Plant cells, animal cells, we, you · **What happens:** happen, use, make, give off, have, not do · **To what, where:** sunlight, food, water, oxygen, chloroplasts, green chlorophyll

<!-- .vabout -->
«chloroplast» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chloroplast in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chloroplast.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tiny green part inside plant cells where photosynthesis happens: it uses sunlight to make food (sugar) from water and carbon dioxide, giving off oxygen.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chloroplast:m1:1
# text = A tiny green part inside plant cells where photosynthesis happens: it uses sunlight to make food (sugar) from water and carbon dioxide, giving off oxygen.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
9	photosynthesis	photosynthesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
17	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
28	off	off	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | photosynthesis |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present | photosynthesis | sunlight |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | photosynthesis *not said here* | food and sugar |  | water and carbon dioxide |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from water=Material |
| 4 | **give off** | gerund | photosynthesis *not said here* | oxygen |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source oxygen=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chloroplasts make food for the plant using sunlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chloroplast:x1:1
# text = Chloroplasts make food for the plant using sunlight.
1	Chloroplasts	chloroplast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Chloroplasts | food |  |  |  | for the plant | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent food=Material for plant=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | Chloroplasts *not said here* | sunlight |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chloroplast:x2:1
# text = Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.
1	Plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	chloroplasts	chloroplast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Plant cells | chloroplasts |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chloroplast=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **do** | present | animal cells |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chloroplasts contain green chlorophyll.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chloroplast:x3:1
# text = Chloroplasts contain green chlorophyll.
1	Chloroplasts	chloroplast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	contain	contain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	chlorophyll	chlorophyll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | Chloroplasts | green chlorophyll |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot chlorophyll=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Under the microscope, we saw green chloroplasts in the leaf cells.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chloroplast:x4:1
# text = Under the microscope, we saw green chloroplasts in the leaf cells.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	microscope	microscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	chloroplasts	chloroplast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | we | green chloroplasts |  | the microscope |  | in the leaf cells | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chloroplast=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Photosynthesis happens inside the chloroplasts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chloroplast:x5:1
# text = Photosynthesis happens inside the chloroplasts.
1	Photosynthesis	photosynthesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chloroplasts	chloroplast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Photosynthesis |  |  | the chloroplasts |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside chloroplast=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Label the chloroplast on your cell diagram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chloroplast:x6:1
# text = Label the chloroplast on your cell diagram.
1	Label	label	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	chloroplast	chloroplast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	diagram	diagram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **label** | imperative | you *not said here* | the chloroplast |  | your cell diagram |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent chloroplast=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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