---
title: choke — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «choke» in the school dictionary: To choke means to be unable to breathe because something is stuck in your throat. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# choke

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, trouble, He, Small toys, you, grapes · **What happens:** choke, mean, be, breathe, have, choke up · **To what, where:** throat, trouble, sport, piece, choking hazard, grapes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«choke» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [choke in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/choke.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To choke means to be unable to breathe because something is stuck in your throat.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:m1:1
# text = To choke means to be unable to breathe because something is stuck in your throat.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	choke	choke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | something |  |  | your throat |  | stuck *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To choke can mean to have trouble breathing because of smoke or dust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:m2:1
# text = To choke can mean to have trouble breathing because of smoke or dust.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	choke	choke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	breathing	breathe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | trouble |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Patient |
| 4 | **breathe** | gerund | trouble *not said here* |  |  |  |  | because smoke or dust | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To choke up means to have trouble speaking because of strong feelings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:m3:1
# text = To choke up means to have trouble speaking because of strong feelings.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	choke	choke	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | trouble |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Patient |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | trouble *not said here* |  |  |  |  | because strong feelings | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To choke in sport means to fail at an important moment because of nerves.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:m4:1
# text = To choke in sport means to fail at an important moment because of nerves.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	choke	choke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fail	fail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	nerves	nerve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | sport |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fail** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | moment | because nerves | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He choked on a piece of apple.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:x1:1
# text = He choked on a piece of apple.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	choked	choke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke** | past | He |  |  | a piece of apple |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small toys are a choking hazard for babies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:x2:1
# text = Small toys are a choking hazard for babies.
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	choking	choke	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	hazard	hazard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Small toys | a choking hazard |  |  |  | for babies | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cut grapes in half for little children so they don't choke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:x3:1
# text = Cut grapes in half for little children so they don't choke.
1	Cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	grapes	grape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	1	obl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	choke	choke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | imperative | you *not said here* | grapes |  | half |  | for little children | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent grape=Material for child=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **not** **choke** | present · do-support | grapes *= grape* |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smoke made us choke and cough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:x4:1
# text = The smoke made us choke and cough.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	choke	choke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cough	cough	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the smoke | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **choke** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **cough** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't run with food in your mouth; you could choke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:x5:1
# text = Don't run with food in your mouth; you could choke.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	run	run	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	choke	choke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **run** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | your mouth |  | with food | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mouth=Trajectory |
| 2 | **choke** | could | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She choked back tears at the goodbye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:x6:1
# text = She choked back tears at the goodbye.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	choked	choke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke** | past | She | back tears |  | the goodbye |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent tear=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If someone is choking and can't talk, get an adult fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:x7:1
# text = If someone is choking and can't talk, get an adult fast.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	choking	choke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke** | present · progressive | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **talk** | can | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **get** | infinitive | someone *not said here* | a adult |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer adult=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The player choked and missed the penalty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:x8:1
# text = The player choked and missed the penalty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	choked	choke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	missed	miss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	penalty	penalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke** | past | the player |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **miss** | past | the player *not said here* | the penalty |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer penalty=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iktomi almost choked to death before he could get it out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choke:x9:1
# text = Iktomi almost choked to death before he could get it out.
1	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	choked	choke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke** | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  | to death *result*; almost *property* | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient to death=Result |
| 2 | **get out** | could | Iktomi | death |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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